For more details about the special award, please click here.

If you would like to support our work writing and maintaining the teaching resources on this site please click on the donate button and follow the online instructions - thank you for your contribution

what are these?     Furl   Del.icio.us   Technorati   Facebook   BlinkList   Digg   Google   StumbleUpon   My Yahoo

Music Theory (1-34) :: Music History (35-40) :: Composition, Orchestration, etc. (41-44) :: Index :: Music Dictionary :: Composers Biographies   Welcome Page Welcome! :: Free Manuscript Paper :: Alternative Terms in Different Countries :: Copyright    Music Theory & History Online Contents - the page you are now at 1  Staff, Clefs & Pitch Notation The Grand Staff :: Naming The Notes :: Staff or Stave :: The Clef Sign :: The Treble Clef :: The Bass Clef :: The Alto Clef Other Clefs (lesson 14) :: The Score :: Why Middle C? :: Helmholtz Pitch Notation :: English Octave-Naming Convention Franco-Belgic Octave-Naming Convention :: Scientific Pitch Notation :: Naming The Octaves :: MIDI Shape Note Notation :: Tonic Sol-fa :: Oz Pitch-Naming Convention :: Integer Notation 2  Notes & Rests Duration :: Anatomy of a Note Sign :: Chart of Note & Rest Signs :: Dotting & Double-Dotting :: Beams & Beaming Ties :: Origin of Music Notation :: Additional Notes on the History of Music Notation 2S  Links about Music Notation supplement :: Links about Music Notation 3  Measures and Bars Bars/Measures and Bar Lines :: Bar/Measure Numbers and Letters :: Bars/Measures and Ties 4  Time Signatures and Meter Time Signature and Meter :: Unusual Time Signatures and Hypermeasures :: Mensuration Common Time & Alla Breve/Cut Time :: Changing Time Signatures :: The Whole Bar Rest :: Incomplete Bars Ametric Music 5  Tempo Table of Tempo Markings :: Fermata, Fetura & Caesura :: Dance Tempi :: Tempo through Notation :: Metronome Marks 6  The Keyboard The Keyboard :: Note Reading & Keyboard Layout Test :: Thoughts on Piano Keyboard Design 7  Small Intervals The Tone and Semitone :: The Octave :: The Chromatic Scale :: Microtones 8  Major Scales The Major Scale :: The Tetrachord :: The Twelve Major Scales :: Deriving Major Scales :: Chart of the Major Scales 9  Key Signatures and Accidentals The Key Signature :: The Circle of Fifths :: The Order of Sharps & Flats in Key Signatures Enharmonics :: Using Accidentals :: Changing Key :: Notes and Keys in Various Languages 10  Minor Scales The Natural Minor Scale :: Chart of Natural Minor Scales :: Double Sharps & Flats :: Harmonic Minor Chart of Harmonic Minor Scales :: Melodic Minor :: Chart of Melodic Minor Scales :: Relative & Parallel Major & Minor 11  Chromatic Scales The Diatonic Scale :: The Chromatic Scale :: Harmonic Chromatic Scale :: Melodic Chromatic Scale 12  Intervals Degrees of the Scale :: Melodic & Harmonic Intervals :: Unisons & Octaves :: Diatonic Intervals :: Chromatic Intervals The Tritone :: Compound Intervals :: Table of Intervals 13  Inversion of Intervals Inversion of Intervals 14  Other Clefs Soprano & Mezzo-Soprano Clefs :: Tenor Clef :: Baritone & Subbass Clefs :: French Violin Clef :: Octave Clefs Indefinite Pitch Clef :: Summary of Clef Signs 15  Note Groupings Simple & Compound Time/Meter :: Uneven/Asymmetrical Time/Meter :: Triplets :: Duplets :: Other-lets Grouping Notes and Rests :: Time Signatures, How We 'Say' Them 16  Triads & Chords Concord & Discord :: Triads :: Diatonic Triads :: Chords :: Chords in Jazz :: Broken & Spread Chords 17  Chords in Detail Seventh Chords :: Inverted Chords :: Slash Chords :: Extended Chords (9th, 11th, 13th) :: Special Chords Naming Chords 17C  Chords supplement :: Chords (including chord transposer) 17S  1000+ Scales supplement :: 1000+ Scales (including scale transposer) 18  Figured Bass Figured Bass :: Figured Bass Notation :: Naming Chords With Roman Numerals 19  Transposition Transposition at the Octave :: Transposing into another Key :: What Key is My Instrument in? :: Transposing Instruments How to Write Parts for Transposing Instruments 20  Rhythmic Variety Rhythmic Modes :: Anacrusis :: Syncopation :: Dotting & Double Dotting :: Égal & Inégal Hemiola, Hemiolia or Cross Rhythm :: Swing :: Rhythm Syllables 21  Phrasing & Articulation Slur & Phrase :: Tenuto & Staccato :: Slurs & Staccato :: Variety of Accents :: Articulation on Wind Instruments Articulation on Stringed Instruments :: Articulation & Phrasing on Percussion Instruments Dot & Wedge in Clavichord Music :: Pedalling on the Piano :: Table of Dynamic Markings :: Table of General Musical Markings 22  Chords & Cadences Cadences :: Perfect Cadence :: Plagal Cadence :: Imperfect Cadence :: Interrupted/Deceptive Cadence The 'Six Four' Cadence :: Feminine Endings :: Antecedent & Consequent :: Summary of Cadences 23  Ornamentation Introduction :: Accidentals and Ornamentation :: Grace Notes :: Appoggiaturas :: Nachslag :: Turns :: Trills :: Pralltriller Mordents :: Vibrato :: Arpeggiation :: Divisions 24  Repeats Repeated Notes :: Repeated Groups :: Repeated Bars :: Repeated Whole Bar Rests :: Repeated Sections :: Da Capo Minuet & Trio 25  Notes, Harmonies & Scales Origin of Diatonic and Chromatic Scales :: Modes :: Jazz Scales :: Blues :: Bebop Scales :: Pentatonic Scales The 'Minor Key' Problem :: Altered Chords :: Neapolitan Sixth :: Symmetrical Scales :: Table of Useful Scales Non-Harmonic Notes 26  Score Formats Instrumental Ensembles :: Solos & Parts :: Keyboards :: Percussion :: How to Write Parts for Transposing Instruments Sounding Range of Orchestral Instruments :: Chart of Sounding Range and Clefs Used :: Sample Scores 27  Pitch, Temperament & Timbre Pitch :: History of Musical Pitch :: Harmonic or Overtone Series :: Inharmonicity :: Pythagorean Series :: Meantone Scale Equal Temperament :: Just Intonation :: Naming Intervals :: Historical Temperaments :: Temperament and Pitch Calculator Beats and Tuning :: Information on Temperaments :: Timbre/Tone Colour :: Classification of Common Musical Instruments 27C  Interval Calculator supplement :: Interval Calculator 27T  Analysis of Temperaments supplement :: Analysis of Temperaments used in the Temperament and Pitch Calculator in lesson 27 28  Musical Instrument Fingering Charts Woodwind Instruments :: Band Instruments :: Brass Instruments :: Serpent & Ophicleide :: Baroque Flute :: Dulcian Recorder :: Shakuhachi :: Quena :: Tin-Whistle :: Bagpipe 29  Musical Instrument Ranges & Names Bowed & Plucked Strings :: Harp:: Flutes :: Clarinets :: Saxophones :: Double Reeds :: Trumpets & Trombones Horns & Tubas :: Tuned Percussion :: Voices :: Recorders :: Keyboards :: Viols :: Instrument Names in Other Languages Instrument Names & Their Abbreviations :: Orchestral Layout :: Sounding Range of Orchestral Instruments Chart of Sounding Range and Clefs Used :: Conducting 30  Guitar Tablature & Notation Reading Chord Charts :: Writing Notes :: The Origins of Tablature Notation :: Writing Chords Transposing Chord Names :: Special Effects :: Voicing Chords :: The Lute 31  Key Centres The Nature of Tonality :: Major Keys :: Minor Keys :: Triad Progressions :: Modes :: Combining Major and Minor Keys Modal Interchange :: Using Dominants :: Diminished Seventh Chords :: Melodic Substitution :: Reharmonisation Modulation :: Alan Belkin's General Principles of Harmony 32  Words & Music The Voice :: Words & Meaning :: Tonal Languages and Music :: Words & Syncopation :: Words & Phrasing Scoring for Voices :: Wordless Singing 33  Counterpoint Counterpoint by Alan Belkin 34  Drums & Drumming Percussion Instruments :: Rhythmic Patterns :: The Importance Of Tempo :: The Bass Guitar Music Theory (1-34) :: Music History (35-40) :: Composition, Orchestration, etc. (41-44) :: Index :: Music Dictionary :: Composers Biographies :: Scorch Viewer 35  Music before the 16th Century From Earliest Times :: Greeks & Romans :: Early Christian Church :: Music of the Dark Ages (475-1000) Music of the High Middle Ages (1000-1350) :: Music of the Late Middle Ages (1350-1500) :: Music of the Proto-Renaissance 36  Music of the 16th Century Early Renaissance Timeline :: Humanism :: Music Theory :: Music Printing :: The Renaissance and the French Court Origins of Early Opera and Ballet :: Music in New Spain :: Sixteenth Century Chinese Opera more in preparation 37  Music of the 17th Century in preparation 38  Music of the 18th Century in preparation 39  Music of the 19th Century A Survey of 19th Century Music :: Romanticism :: Orientalism :: Nationalism, Folk Song & Primitivism Looking Back - The Early Music Revival :: Late 19th Century Symbolism :: 19th Century American Music Bringing Back Voices From the 19th Century :: Performance Practice and Aesthetics of the 19th Century 40  Music of the 20th Century Progressing into the 20th Century :: Neo-Romanticism :: Breakdown of Tonality :: Impressionism :: Neo-Classicism Machine Music :: Computer Music :: Twelve Note Method :: Influences of Jazz :: Microtonal Music :: Electronic Music Indeterminacy :: Minimalism :: Music Theatre By Eric Salzman :: Experimental Music Today Summary of Terms & Concepts in 20th Century Music :: Musical Analysis Music Theory (1-34) :: Music History (35-40) :: Composition, Orchestration, etc. (41-44) :: Index :: Music Dictionary :: Composers Biographies :: Scorch Viewer 41  Practical Guide to Composition Musical Form - A Summary :: Alan Belkin's Practical Guide to Composition 42  Artistic Orchestration Artistic Orchestration by Alan Belkin :: Garritan Interactive - Principles of Orchestration by Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov 43  Ear Tests and Drills 44  Jazz Improvisation Almanac by Marc Sabatella    Music Theory & History Online Index    Music Dictionary Online    Composers Biography (work in progress)    Manuscript Paper (you can print)