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Allparteien- (German) all-party (prefix) Allpaß (German m., old form) all-pass filter Allpass (German m.) all-pass filter Allpassfilter (German m./n.) all-pass filter Allquantor (German m.) ∀, universal quantifier, the symbol used in symbolic logic to denote universal quantification, and is often informally read as "given any" or "for all" Allrad- (German) all-wheel (prefix) Allrounder (German m.) all-rounder, handyman Allroundsekretär (German m.) man Friday Allroundsekretärin (German f.) girl Friday Allroundsportler (m.), Allroundsportlerin (f.) (German) all-rounder All Saints' Day see 'All Hallows Day' Allseele (German f.) world soul (for example, Brahman) all seine Anstrengungen darauf konzentrieren, ... zu tun (German) to concentrate all one's efforts on doing ... all seine Hoffnungen auf ... setzen (German) to centre one's hopes on ... all seine Hoffnungen in ... setzen (German) to pin (all) one's hopes on ... all seinen Mut zusammennehmen (German) to screw up one's courage all sein Geld ausgeben (German) to spend all one's money allseitig (German) all-round, (on) all sides allseitig bearbeitet (German) machined all sides, finished all sides allseits (German) everywhere, in every respect, on all sides, in all respects, on all hands allseits beliebt (German) much-loved All set all ready to begin All Souls' Day celebrated on the 2nd November, a day devoted to prayer and alms giving. In England it was formerly observed by ringing the soul bell or passing bell Allstromgerät (German n.) AC-DC device Allstrommotor (German m.) AC-DC motor Alltag (German m.) working day, daily routine (German m.) der Alltag, everyday life (figurative) alltäglich (German) trivial, workaday, humdrum, ordinary, everyday, bread-and-butter (figurative), common, day-to-day, mundane, quotidian alltägliche Ereignisse (German pl.) everyday occurrences alltägliche Erfahrung (German f.) daily experience alltäglicher Anblick (German m.) common sight alltäglicher Lebensraum (German m.) home territory (of an animal) alltägliches Ereignis (German n.) daily occurrence, everyday occurrence alltägliches Problem (German n.) routine problem Alltäglichkeit (German f.) ordinariness, prosaicness, everyday occurrence, banality Alltags- (German) workaday (prefix) alltags (German) on weekends Alltagsartikel (German pl.) everyday articles Alltagsbedarf (German m.) day-to-day need Alltagsbegriff (German m.) household word (common household words are the least likely to undergo semantic shifts) Alltagsbeobachtungen (German pl.) observations of daily life Alltagsdrama (German n.) kitchen-sink drama Alltagsdroge (German f.) everyday drug Alltagsgebrauch (German m.) daily use Alltagsgeschäft (German n.) everyday business Alltagsgeschäfte (German pl.) routine business Alltagsgeschichte (German f.) everyday history, everyday story Alltagsgesicht (German n.) ordinary face Alltagskleidung (German f.) clothes for everyday wear Alltagskost (German f.) everyday food Alltagskultur (German f.) everyday culture Alltagsleben (German n.) workaday life, daily life, everyday life Alltagsprobleme (German pl.) problems of everyday life Alltagsprodukte (German pl.) everyday products Alltagsroutine (German f.) daily routine Alltagsschilderungen (German pl.) portrayals of everyday life Alltagsschuh (German m.) daytime shoe Alltagssorgen (German pl.) everyday worries Alltagssprache (German f.) everyday language Alltagsszene (German f.) everyday scene Alltagstrott (German m.) everyday life Alltagswelt (German f.) everyday world Alltagswort (German n.) household word (common household words are the least likely to undergo semantic shifts) All the go all the fashion, all the rage, quite in vogue All through the Night the traditional tune of the Welsh hymn Ar Hyd y Nos usually known outside Wales by its English title. The lyrics were written by John Ceiriog Hughes (1832-1887). The melody was used by John Gay in The Beggar's Opera Ar Hyd y Nos All thumbs clumsy All together tutti (Italian), alle zusammen (German), tout ensemble (Italian) alltto abbreviation of allegretto allüberall (German) everywhere Alluce (Italian m.) big toe alludere a (Italian) to allude to Allumage (French m.) lighting allumarmend (German) all-embracing allumer (French) to light, to turn on (a radio, TV, etc.), to switch the light on Allumette (French f.) match (for lighting a fire, candle, cigarette, etc.) Allumeuse (French f.) a flirt, a woman who excites men's passions but with no intention of satisfying them allumfassend (German) catholic, all-embracing, overall, comprehensive, overarching allumfassendes Interesse (German n.) all-embracing interest allumfassendes Wissen (German n.) all-embracing knowledge Allumino (Italian m.) aluminium Allun a frame drum, sometimes with cymbals fixed to the rim, used by the Berber Chleuhs of Morocco all' unanimità (Italian) unanimously allungando (Italian) stretching out, en allongeant allungare (Italian) lengthen, stretch (out), dilute allungare il muso (Italian) pull a long face all'ungarese (Italian) or all'ongherese (Italian), in the Hungarian style, which usually means 'in the Gypsy style', nach ungarischer Art (German), à la hongroise (French) all'unisono (Italian, literally 'at the unison') in unison, playing or singing the same notes, for example, the flute with the first violin, or the second violin with the first violin sometimes all'unisono is used to mean 'in octaves', although all'ottava would be more correct all unsere Pläne gingen daneben (German) all our plans fell through, all our plans went wrong, all our plans have failed Allure (French f.) behaviour, manner, bearing, gait, look, walk, speed, pace Allüren (German pl.) affectations Allüren an den Tag legen (German) to put on airs Allusion an indirect reference a casual reference in literature to a person, place, event, or another passage of literature, often without explicit identification. Allusions can originate in mythology, biblical references, historical events, legends, geography, or earlier literary works Literary Terms and Definitions from which this information has been taken Allusione (Italian f.) allusion Allusive characterised by indirect references (allusions) alluvial (German) alluvial Alluvialboden (German m.) alluvium, alluvial soil Alluvium (s.), Alluvia (pl.) (Latin) a deposit of earth or sand formed in a river delta or valley Allversöhnung (German f.) final reconciliation, apocatastasis, reconstitution or restitution or restoration to the original or primordial condition allwaltend (German) sovereign, supreme allweil (German - Austria, Southern Germany) at all times, always Allweisheit (German f.) infinite wisdom Allwellenantenne (German f.) multiband antenna Allwellenempfänger (German m.) all-wave receiver (radio) Allwetter- (German) all-weather (prefix) allwissend (German) omniscient, all-knowing, omnisciently allwissender Beobachter (German m.) omniscient observer allwissender Erzähler (German m.) omniscient narrator Allwissenheit (German f.) omniscience allwöchentlich (German) weekly All-women bands musical groups in which women sing and play all the instruments. They are distinct from girl groups, where the women sing but do not play any instruments All-women bands from which this extract has been taken Ally Pally see 'Alexandra Palace' allzeit (German, archaic) always, at all times Allzeithoch (German n.) record high, all-time high Allzeittief (German n.) all-time low allzu (German) (far) too, to a fault, all too, overly allzubald (German) all too soon allzu begeistert (German) overzealously allzu bereit (German) overready allzu bescheiden (German) overmodest allzu demütig (German) overhumble allzu einfach (German) simplistic allzu früh (German) far too early, too early, much too early allzu gern (German) all that willingly, only too willingly, too willingly, too much, only too much, all that much allzu häufig (German) all too frequent allzuhäufig (German, archaic) all too frequent allzu kritisch (German) hypercritical, hypercritically allzu lang (German) overlong, too long allzulang (German, archaic) too long allzu lange (German) too long allzulange (German, archaic) too long allzumenschlich (German) all-too-human allzuoft (German) all too often allzusehr (German) all too much allzu sehr (German) all too much, too much, all that much, overmuch, overly allzu sehr vereinfachen (German) to oversimplify allzu sehr vereinfachend (German) oversimplifying allzusehr vertrauend (German) overconfident allzu simpel (German) simplistic allzu starke Vereinfachung (German f.) oversimplification allzu viel (German) overmuch, too much allzuviel (German) far too much, overmuch, too much Allzuviel ist ungesund. (German) Enough is as good as a feast. allzu vorsichtig (German) overcautious allzuvorsichtig (German) overcautious allzu vorsichtig (German) overcautious allzu weich (German) oversoft Allzweck- (German) all-purpose, general purpose (prefix) Allzweckhalle (German f.) all-purpose hall, multi-purpose hall Allzwecklösung (German f.) all-round solution ALM abbreviation of 'audiolingual method' (used in teaching a foreign language) Alm (German f.) alpine pasture, alp Alma (Spanish f.) soul (for example, not a living soul), heart (as in mi alma: Spanish: with all my heart), person (particularly a key person, the darling of the family, etc.), inhabitant (Spanish f.) soundpost (in a violin, viola, etc.) (Italian f.) soul, spirit alma, in Spanish, is a feminine noun taking masculine article in the singular Almabtrieb (German m.) ceremonial driving down of cattle from the mountain pastures into the valley in autumn Almacén (s.), Almacenes (pl.) (Spanish m.) warehouse, grocer's shop (Latin America), grocery store (Latin America), whoesaler's, magazine (of a gun), department store (plural form: also grandes almacenes) Almacenaje (Spanish m.) storage (including storage of information), warehousing, storage charges Almacenamiento (Spanish m.) storage, stock Almacenamiento de datos (Spanish m.) data storage almacenar (Spanish) to store, to stock up with (provisions) Almacenes (Spanish m. pl.) department store Almacenista (Spanish m./f.) shopkeeper Almack's a suite of assembly rooms in King Street, St. James, Westminster, London, opened in 1765. Weekly subscription balls were held during the London season for more than 75 years, rivalling in distinction presentation at Court. To be found worthy of the privilege of buying a subscription to one of the Wednesday night balls (in the form of a ticket known as a 'voucher') one had to be personally known to one of the powerful Society hostesses who organized it. These ladies were the so-called Patronesses of Almack's alma, con see con alma Almádena (Spanish f.) sledge-hammer Almain allemande Almaine allemande Alma Mater (English, German f., from Latin, 'the mother who nourishes') one's old school, college or university alma mía (Spanish) or mi alma, my love Alman allemande Almanac calendar, often including astronomical data Almanacco (Italian m.) almanac Almanach (French m., German m.) almanac Almanachs (German pl.) almanacs Almanaque (Spanish m.) almanac, desk diary, calendar Almand allemande Alma Redemptoris Mater (Latin) one of the Marian antiphons Alma Redemptoris Mater Almas (German m.) almas (wild man) Almayne allemande Almazara (Spanish f.) mill for making olive oil Almeja (Spanish f.) clam almen (German - Austria) to let the cattle graze on alpine pastures Almena (Spanish f.) merlon, battlements Almendra (Spanish f.) almond, kernel almendrado (Spanish) almond-shaped Almendro (Spanish m.) almond tree almeno (Italian) at least Almglocke (German f.) cowbell, (for example, the cencerro) Almglocken (German f. pl.) percussion instrument made up of sets of bells similar to those used on grazing animals in the Alps Almhütte (German f.) (alpine) chalet Almiar (Spanish m.) haystack Almíbar (Spanish m.) syrup almibarado (m.), almibarada (f.) (Spanish) syrupy, sickly-sweet almibarar (Spanish) to cover ... in syrup, to preserve ... in syrup, to soak ... in syrup Almidón (Spanish m.) starch almidonado (Spanish) starched, starchy (figurative) almidonar (Spanish) to starch Alminar (Spanish m.) minaret Almira, Königin von Castilien generally known as Almira, a Singspiel (although it has no spoken dialogue) in three acts by George Frideric Handel (1685-1759). The libretto's author is Christian Feustking after an Italian text by Giulio Pancieri. It was first performed in Hamburg in 1705 Almira Almirantazgo (Spanish m.) admiralty Almirante (Spanish m.) admiral Almirez (Spanish m.) mortar metallic mortar used as a percussion instrument in popular Andalusian folk music Almizcle (Spanish m.) musk Almjause (German f. - Austria) alpine picnic Almohada (Spanish f.) cushion, pillow, pillowcase Almohadilla (Spanish f.) pincushion, ink pad, damper (a small pad used to wet a postage stamp), bag, cushion (a small cushion to sit upon) Almohadón (Spanish m.) large pillow, bolster (long cylinder-shaped cushion), kneeler (in a church), cushion Almond milk a cloudy liquid prepared by steeping ground almonds in water, broth, or wine; acts as the liquid base and/or thickening agent in a wide variety of medieval dishes Almoner an officer in a hospital who looks after the welfare of patients Almorrana (s.), Almorranas (pl.) (Spanish f.) haemorrhoid, piles (plural form) almorzar (Spanish) to lunch, to have lunch almorzar a media mañana (Spanish) to have a mid-morning snack almorzar a mediodía (Spanish) to lunch (at noon), to have lunch (at noon) almorzar a mediodia tarde (Spanish) to have a late lunch Almosen (s./pl.) (German n.) handout, alms (plural form), charity (plural form), pittance (plural form) Almosen sammeln (German) to collect alms Almosenbüchse (German f.) almsbox, alms box, poor box Almosenempfänger (German m.) beggar, almsman, pauper Almosenkorb (German m.) alms basket, alms-basket Almosensammler (German m.) alms collector Almosenschale (German f.) begging bowl Almosenspender (German m.) alms giver, almsgiver Almosenteller (German m.) alms plate Alms gifts to the poor Almshouse a house or group of dwellings built and endowed for the accommodation of the poor and aged Almuce item of processional vestments, originally a fur-lined hood but later a fur cape Almuerzo (Spanish m.) lunch Almuerzo a media mañana (Spanish) to have a mid-morning snack Almuerzo a mediodía (Spanish m.) lunch at noon Almuerzo a mediodia tarde (Spanish m.) late lunch al-musiqa or al-muusiiqaa, deriving from the Greek, the Arabic word for 'music' al-muusiiqaa al-andalusiiyya (Arabic, 'musical tradition from Andalusia') the Andalusian musical tradition did establish itself in the urban centres of North Africa: Tetouan, Fez, Tlemcen, Algiers, Constantine, Tunis, Kairouan, Tripoli, Benghazi and elsewhere. In Libya, Tunisia, and Constantine (Algeria), this tradition is usually referred to as malouf ("customary"), in the central regions as san`a ("embellished" or "crafted"), in Tlemcen as gharnaatii ("Granadan") and in Morocco simply as aala ("instrumental"). Although each centre developed a style of its own and the different regions have organized the Andalusian repertory into different structures, the large number of shared characteristics make it possible to speak of a distinct pan-North African Andalusian musical tradition or al-muusiiqaa al-andalusiiyya Music of Algeria: Selected Recordings from which this extract has been taken Alnager prior to its abolition in 1699, the equivalent role in the woollen cloth trade to that of the assay office in the assaying (testing) and marking of precious metals. The original aim of both systems was the protection of the public against fraud and of the trader against unfair competition. The alnager's job was to measure and stamp each piece of cloth as conforming to the law Hallmarking of precious metal articles continues to this day Alnico an alloy, consisting of aluminium, nickel and cobalt, used in the magnets of pickups used on guitars Alnico-Magnet (German m.) alnico magnet al niente (Italian) to nothing, bis zum Nichts (German), hasta la nada (Spanish) a diminuendo that fades through pianississimo until nothing is heard see smorzando al norte de (Spanish) to the north of Alo long hollow cone-shaped Nigerian gong that can be made of smooth or forged metal aló (Spanish - South America) hello? (on the telephone) a lo ancho (Spanish) breadthways, breadthwise, broadways, broadwise, widthways, widthwise a lo antiguo (Spanish) in the old-fashioned way a lo bruto (Spanish) crudely, brutally, violently a lo caballero (Spanish) like a gentleman, in a gentlemanly fashion, like gentlemen, gentlemanly Alocado (m.), Alocada (f.) (Spanish) rash fool, crazy fool, impetuous fool, reckless fool, scatterbrain alocado (m.), alocada (f.) (Spanish) scatter-brained, thoughtless, rash, crazy, wild, impetuous a lo cual (Spanish) at which, whereat Alocución (Spanish f.) address, speech a lo dado no se le busca lado (Spanish) never look a gift horse in the mouth a lo discreto (Spanish) at one's discretion, discreetly a lo disimulado (Spanish) on the sly, furtively Aloe (German f.) bitter aloes, aloe Aloe Vera (German f.) aloe vera (A. vera) extracts from A. vera are widely used in the cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating, healing or soothing properties. There is, however, little scientific evidence of the effectiveness or safety of A. vera extracts for either cosmetic or medicinal purposes, and what positive evidence is available is frequently contradicted by other studies Aloe vera from which this extract has been taken Aloft, The see 'Above, The' Alogoza double flutes from India, one drone, one melodic a lo grande (Spanish) in a big way, grandly, on a grand scale Aloha! (Hawaiian, literally 'love') greetings!, farewell! a lo hecho pecho (Spanish) don't cry over spilt milk, it's no use crying over spilt milk, there's no use crying over spilt milk, what is done is done, what's done is done Aloin (English, German n.) a bitter, lemon-yellow-colored compound, isolated from the aloe plant, used as a stimulant-laxative a lo infinito (Spanish) ad infinitum Alois (German) Aloysius Alojado (m.), Alojada (f.) (Spanish m. - Mexico/Chile) lodger, guest Alojamiento (Spanish m.) accommodation alojar (Spanish) to put ... up, to book into (a hotel), to house alojarse (Spanish) to stay, to lodge alojarse en (Spanish) to stay in, to lodge in, to stay at, to lodge at a lo largo (Spanish) lengthwise, endways, endwise, lengthways, longways a lo largo de (Spanish) through, along, all the way down, alongside, throughout, in the course of, during a lo largo de la historia (Spanish) throughout history a lo largo de la vida (Spanish) during one's lifetime a lo largo de todo el libro (Spanish) from title to colophon a lo largo del ejercicio (Spanish) in the course of the year a lo largo y a lo ancho (Spanish) all over, up and down, lengthwise and breadthwise, throughout, to and fro a lo largo y ancho de (Spanish) throughout, all over a lo lejos (Spanish) in the distance, distantly, at a distance, from a distance, from a long way off, from afar, way off, yon, yonder a lo loco (Spanish) wildly, helter-skelter Alomaco a style of merengue popularized by Los Hermanos Rosario in the 1980s and named by Ramón Orlando, alomaco is based on a 1-bar rhythm instead of the previously popular 2-bar pambiche a lo macho (Spanish) seriously, earnestly a lo más (Spanish) at the most, at best, at the best, at most, at the utmost, at the very most, at the outside, at the very outside Alombrados an alternative spelling of Alumbrados a lo mejor (Spanish) maybe, perhaps, probably, as likely as not, like as not, likely as not a lo menos (Spanish) at least a lo moderno (Spanish) in the modern manner Alondra (Spanish f.) (sky)lark Alone solo (Italian), allein (German), seul (French) alongez (French) or cédez (French), gradually slower, zurückhalten (German), ritardando (Italian) à long terme (French) long-term Alopecia (English, Spanish f.) hair loss, baldness Alopecoid similar to or resembling a fox Alopezie (German f.) alopecia a lo que parece (Spanish) apparently a lo que salga (Spanish) hit-or-miss, hit-and-miss a lo que te truje Chencha (Spanish) let's get down to work a los cuatro vientos (Spanish) to the four winds, in all directions, in every direction, to the wide world, at large a lo seguro (Spanish) with certainty, safely a los ojos de (Spanish) in the eyes of a lo sordo (Spanish) noiselessly, silently a los pies (Spanish) at one's feet a los pies de (Spanish) at the feet of a los pies de usted (Spanish) at your service a los principios (Spanish) in the beginning, at first, at the beginning a los que (Spanish) whom a los que no vence la desgracia los instruye (Spanish) that which does not kill us makes us stronger a los talones (Spanish) at one's heels, at heel a los tipos de interés en el mercado (Spanish) at market rates a los tontos no les dura el dinero (Spanish) a fool and his money are soon parted a lo sumo (Spanish) at the most, at most, at the utmost, at the very most, at the outside, at the very outside Al oud (French) Al-Ud Alouette (French f.) (sky)lark a lo único que debemos temerle es al miedo mismo (Spanish) there is nothing to fear but fear itself à l'outrance (French) to the bitter end, to the death, to the uttermost the more correct French phrase, à outrance, is used rarely in English a lo vivo (Spanish) vividly, in a very lifelike manner Aloyau de boeuf (French) sirloin of beef a lo zaino (Spanish) sideways Alp (German f.) alp Alpaca (English, Spanish f.) large domesticated mammal of the llama family a natural wool yarn derived from the long silky fleece of the alpaca - traditionally a natural yarn but also manufactured from rayon and cotton mixes (Spanish f.) nickel silver, German silver Alpaka (German n.) alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Alpakapulli (German m.) alpaca jumper, alpaca sweater Alpakapullover (German m.) alpaca jersey, alpaca pullover, alpaca jumper Alpakawolle (German f.) alpaca (wool) al parecer (Spanish) apparently Alpargata (Spanish f.) canvas shoe, espadrille Alpargatería (Spanish f.) shoe shop Alpdruck (German m.) nightmare Alpdruck (German m., archaic) incubus Alpdrücken (German n., archaic) incubus Alpe (German f. - Switzerland, Western Austria) alp Alpen (German pl.) the Alps alpen (German - Switzerland) to let the cattle graze on alpine pastures Alpenbahn (German f.) Alpine railway Alpenbewohner (m.), Alpenbewohnerin (f.) (German) alpine dweller Alpenblume (s.), Alpenblumen (pl.) (German f.) Alpine flower Alpendorf (German n.) Alpine village Alpenflora (German f.) alpine flora Alpengasthof (German m.) alpine guest house Alpengebiet (German n.) alpine region Alpengipfel (German m.) Alpine peak Alpenhorn (English, German n.) trompa de los Alpes (Spanish f.), Alphorn (English, German n.), corno delle Alpi (Italian m.), cor des Alpes (French m.), a Swiss peasant instrument made of wood (often birch) two to three metres in length with a cornet mouthpiece that plays notes of the harmonic series Alphorn Alpenland (s.), Alpenländer (pl.) (German n.) alpine country alpenländisch (German) Alpine Alpenlandschaft (German f.) Alpine scenery, alpine landscape Alpenmohn (German m.) alpine poppy Alpenmolkerei (German f.) alpine dairy Alpenpass (s.), Alpenpässe (pl.) (German m.) Alpine pass Alpenpflanze (German f.) alpine plant alpenquerend (German - Switzerland) transalpine Alpenraum (German m.) Alpine region Alpenregion (German f.) Alps region, Alpine region Alpenrepublik (German f.) nickname for Austria Alpenrose (German f.) alpine rose Alpensanatorium (German n.) alpine sanatorium Alpenseebad (German n.) alpine lake spa Alpensinfonie, Eine (German, 'An Alpine Symphony') a large symphonic poem (op. 64) composed by Richard Strauss (1864-1949) between 1911 and 1915. A typical performance entails upwards of forty-five minutes of continuous music. It depicts a full-day excursion on a mountain in the Bavarian Alps, recalling in vivid orchestral expression the composer's own experiences hiking at age fourteen. Strauss dedicated the work to Count Nicolaus Seebach and the Royal Kapelle (Orchestra) in Dresden, the ensemble which gave the premiere in 1915 Eine Alpensinfonie Alpensteinbock (German m.) bouquetin, ibex Alpenstock (German) bâton ferré (French), bastone ferrato (Italian), bastón de punta de hierro (Spanish) (German m.) a stick fitted with an iron point used for mountain climbing Alpentunnel (German pl.) Alpine tunnels Alpenübergang (German m.) Alpine crossing, crossing of the Alps Alpenüberquerung (German f.) crossing of the Alps Alpenvorland (German n.) Alpine foothills Alpenweide (German f.) alpine pasture Alpenwiese (German f.) alpine meadow Alpenzoo (German m.) alpine zoo Alpes, les (French f.pl.) the Alps (a European mountain range) Alpes, los (Spanish m.pl.) the Alps (a European mountain range) alpestre (French) alpine alph. abbreviation of 'alphabetical' Alpha the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α) Alphabet (English, German n.) in music, letters of the alphabet are used as pitch names, to mark different sections in an extended work, as abbreviations of musical terms, etc. Alphabet- (German) pertaining to the alphabet (prefix) Alphabet card or 'letter card', a postcard featuring a single letter, often ornate, accompanied by an illustration or decorative graphics. These cards were issued in both full alphabet sets and individually. The origins of this style come from more than one tradition. The most obvious is that of alphabet books published to aid in the instruction of reading. But there are also more esoteric roots as letters can be endowed with magical meaning alphabétique (French) alphabetic, alphabetical alphabetisch (German) in ABC order, alphabetical, alphabetic, alphabetically alphabetisch angeordnet (German) arranged in alphabetical order alphabetisch anordnen (German) to arrange in alphabetical order, to arrange in alphabetic order, to arrange alphabetically, to alphabetise alphabetische Anordnung (German f.) alphabetical classification alphabetische Liste (German f.) alphabetical list alphabetische Ordnung (German f.) alphabetical order Alphabetischer Code (German m.) alphabetic code alphabetische Reihenfolge (German f.) alphabetic sequence alphabetischer Index (German m.) alphabetical index alphabetischer Katalog (German m.) alphabetical catalogue alphabetische Sortierung (German f.) alphabetic sorting alphabetisches Register (German n.) alphabetical index alphabetisches Verzeichnis (German n.) alphabetical index alphabetisches Zeichen (German n.) alphabetic character alphabetisch geordnet (German) in alphabetical sequence, in alphabetical order, abecedarian alphabetisch ordnen (German) to sort alphabetically, to arrange alphabetically, to arrange in alphabetical order Alphabétiser (French) to teach to read and write alphabetisieren (German) to make literate, to alphabetise alphabetisierend (German) alphabetising alphabetisiert (German) alphabetises, alphabetised Alphabetisierung (German f.) alphabetisation, literacy Alphabetisierungsgrad (German m.) adult literacy rate Alphabetisierungsrate (German f.) literacy rate Alphabetism see 'acronym' Alphabet poem an acrostic poem of thirteen lines in which each line consists of two words, each word beginning with sequential letters in the alphabetic pattern ABCDEF, etc. Alphabetsortierung (German f.) alphabetic sort Alpha chord in music the alpha-chord collection is "a vertically organized statement of the octatonic scale as two diminished seventh chords" such as: C#-E-G-Bb-C-Eb-F#-A Alpha chord from which this extract has been taken Alpha-Männchen (German n.) alpha male Alphanumerik (German f.) alphanumerics alphanumérique (French) alphanumeric alphanumerisch (German) alphabetic-numeric, alphanumeric, alpha-numeric, alphanumerical, alphamerically, alphanumerically alphanumerische Sortierung (German f.) alphanumeric sorting alphanumerische Tastatur (German f.) alphanumeric keyboard alphanumerischer Code (German m.) alphanumeric code Alpha-Weibchen (German n.) alpha female Alphazeichen (German n.) alphabetic character Alphorn (s.), Alphörner (pl.) (English, German n.) Alpenhorn (German n., English), trompa de los Alpes (Spanish f.), corno delle Alpi (Italian m.), cor des Alpes (French m.) although properly a traditional instrument of the Swiss Alps, similar instruments are to be found used by European herdsmen from Scandinavia, parts of Russia, Romania and the mountainous areas of the former Czechoslovakia. Long Alphorns are mentioned in literature as far back as the 16th century Alphornbläser (German m.) alpenhorn player, alphorn player (le) Alpi (Italian f. pl.) the Alps al piacere (Italian) at pleasure, ad libitum (Latin) Alpin- (German) alpine alpin (German) alpine alpin (m.), alpine (f.) (French) alpine alpine Höhen (German pl.) Alpine altitudes Alpine Horn (English) Alpenhorn alpine Landschaft (German f.) Alpine scenery Alpine New Wave various fusions of Brazilian and Jazz idioms with the stubenmusik of Bavaria Alpine race another name for the broadheaded Celtic race which was distributed from Armenia to the Pyrenees, their cultural zenith being from about the 5th century to 1st BC. In 1899 William Z. Ripley published The Races of Europe where he divided Europeans into three main sub-categories: Nordic, Alpine and Mediterranean but the concept of a distinctive Alpine race is no longer generally used within physical anthropology Alpine race from which some of this material has been taken Alpine zither see 'concert zither' Alpingendarm (German m. - Austria, archaic) member of the Alpine police (Gendarm für Gebirgseinsätze) Alpingendarmerie (German f. - Austria) Alpine police Alpinismo (Spanish m.) mountaineering, (mountain) climbing Alpinist (m.), Alpinistin (f.) (German) alpinist, (mountain) climber Alpinista (Spanish m./f.) mountaineer, (mountain) climber alpino (m.), alpina (Spanish f.) (Italian, Spanish) Alpine Alpinsportarten (German pl.) alpine sports Alpinum (German n.) alpine garden Alpiste (Spanish m.) birdseed al più (Italian) the most al più tardi (Italian) at the latest Älpler (German m.) alpine herdsman Alptraum (s.), Alpträume (pl.) (German m.) bad dream, nightmare alptraumartig (German) nightmarish alptraumhaft (German) nightmarish Alptraumszenario (German n.) nightmare scenario Alpunk a genre of punk rock from the Alpine regions of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Alpunk fuses the chaotic, energetic rhythms of punk music to the accordion-based folk music for which the region is famous alquanto lontani l'un dall'altro (Italian) placed at a little distance one from the other alquilar (Spanish) to hire, to rent, to hire out, to rent out (room, car) alquilarse (Spanish) to be let, to be on hire Alquiler (Spanish m.) renting, hiring, letting, rent (money paid), rental, hire charge Alquiler de coches (Spanish m.) car hire Alquimia (Spanish f.) alchemy Alquimista (Spanish m./f.) alchemist Alquitara (Spanish f.) still (used for distillation) alquitarar (Spanish) to distil Alquitrán (Spanish m.) tar alquitranar (Spanish) to tar alr abbreviation of aliter (Latin: otherwise) Alraun (German m.) mandrake (Mandragora spp.) Alraune (German f.) mandrake (Mandragora spp.) Alraunwurzel (German f.) mandrake al rayar el alba (Spanish) at the break of day (literary) alrededor (Spanish) around alrededor de (Spanish) around (place), around (approximate: numbers), about (approximate: numbers) alrededor de la mesa (Spanish) round the table alrededor de las dos (Spanish) around two o'clock alrededor de veinte personas (Spanish) about twenty people Alrededores (Spanish m. pl.) surroundings, outskirts (of a town, etc.), suburbs, surrounding area alrededor suyo (Spanish) around her, surrounding her al rigore del tempo (Italian) in strict time al rigore di tempo (Italian) in strict time al riverso (Italian) by contrary motion, by retrograde motion al rovescio (Italian) retrograded counterpoint, a melody that is performed in the reverse order of notes, or with the notes inverted, to that when it was first introduced (Italian) a sequence of notes starting high and falling a.l.s. abbreviation of 'autograph letter signed' als (German) as, like, when, than, inasmuch, for, qua (Latin), at the time when, once (with past tense), by the time als ... (German) being a ..., as (a) ... for example, als Abgesandter (German: as (a) delegate) als Ablenkungsmanöver (German) for a diversion als Alleinvertreter handeln (German) to act as sole agent als alles vorüber war (German) after all als allgemeiner Vorschlag (German) as a general proposition als alter Mann (German) as an old man als Angestellter arbeiten (German) to clerk als Anlage (German) in the enclosure Als Anlage senden wir Ihnen 5 Freikarten für die Messe. (German) Enclosed are 5 complimentary tickets for the fair. als Annehmlichkeit (German) as an amenity als Anreger dienen (German) to act as a stimulus als Anregung (German) as a suggestion als Anteil zuweisen (German) to portion als Antwort auf (German) in response to als Anwalt zulassen (German) to admit to the bar, to call to the bar als Anzahlung erhalten (German) to receive in advance als Appetitanreger dienen (German) to act as an appetiser als Arzt (German) as a doctor als Arzt tätig sein (German) to practise medicine als Assistent dienen (German) to act as assistant als Attribut beifügen (German) to attribute als Aufseher (German) custodial als Außenseiter gehandelt (German) unfancied als Aushilfskraft arbeiten (German) to temp als Ausnahme (German) as an exception als Ausrede dienen (German) to serve as an excuse als ausreichend betrachtet (German) deemed to be adequate alsbald (German) straight away, at once als Basis nehmen (German) to take as a basis als Baustein betrachtet (German) seen as a building block als begangen angenommenes Verbrechen (German n.) constructive crime als Begleiter tätig sein (German) to act as an escort als Beispiel (German) as an example, as a sample, by way of illustration als Beispiel anführen (German) to instance als Beispiel anführend (German) instancing als Beispiel dienen für (German) to exemplify (to serve as example of) als Beleidigung auffassen (German) to consider as an affront als Belohnung (German) as a reward, in reward als Belohnung für (German) in consideration of, in reward for, in recompense for als Belohnung für Ihre Dienste (German) in return for your services als Beobachter besuchen (German) to attend classes as an observer als Berater fungieren (German) to act as adviser als berechtigt anerkennen (German) to accredit als besäße sie (German) as if she owned als Beschäftigung (German) as an occupation als besonderes Entgegenkommen (German) as a special favour als Bester abschneiden (German) to come out on top als Besucher (German) on visiting terms als Bettler sterben (German) to die as a beggar als Beweis (German) by way of proof, as proof of, as a proof of, as a proof, as proof als Beweis dienend (German) probatively, probative als Beweis erbringen (German) to aver (assert, affirm) als Beweis meiner Freundschaft (German) as proof of my friendship als Beweis meiner Hochachtung (German) as proof of my esteem als Beweise dienen (German) probative als blinder Passagier fahren (German) to stow away als bloße Formsache (German) as a mere matter of form als Botschafter abordnen (German) to delegate as an ambassador als Brechmittel (German) for inducing vomiting als Bremse wirken (German) to act as a brake upon als Buch erscheinen (German) to appear in book form als Bürge einstehen (German) to provide (or stand) bail for somebody als Bürgermeister kandidieren (German) to run for mayor, to stand for mayor als Conférencier leiten (German) to emcee (colloquial), to act as MC (master of ceremonies) als da sind (German) which are, such as, to wit, namely Als da sind: (German) These are: als Dämpfer auf ... wirken (German) to be a damper on ... als Dank (German) by way of thanks for als Dank für (German) in return for, in appreciation of, in gratitude for alsdann (German) thereupon, then als Darlehen (German) on loan, as a loan als Darlehen gewährt (German) loaned als da wären (German) which are, such as, to wit, namely Als da wären: (German) These are: als Dekoration (German) as a decoration als der Redner geendet hatte (German) after the speaker finished als deutsche Übersetzung (German) as a German translation als die allgemeine Grundlage für (German) as the general basis of als die Zeit heranrückte (German) as the time came als direkte Konsequenz (German) as a direct consequence of als Dolmetscher dienen (German) to serve as interpreter als Dolmetscher tätig sein (German) to act as interpreter als Drehbuch geschrieben (German) scripted als Dreingabe (German) as an extra als dritter ankommen (German) to come third als Drucksache (German) as printed matter als du sprachst (German) as you were speaking als Durchpause erstellte Kopie (German) copy made by tracing al seg. abbreviated form of al segno (Italian: to or at the sign) al segno (Italian) which like dal segno can mean 'go back to the sign' or 'return to the sign' (Italian) in addition, al segno can also mean 'go on to the sign' or 'go from the sign' the usual form of the sign als Ehre (German) as an honour als eigenständiges Wort gelten (German) to be regarded as having independent status in the language als ein Beispiel anführen (German) to adduce as an instance als ein Experiment (German) as an experiment, by way of experiment als ein Fall von (German) as an instance of als ein Gefallen (German) as a favour als ein Stück (German) as a unit als eine Abart (German) by way of variety als eine Barriere funktionieren (German) to act as a barrier als eine einzige Sendung behandelt (German) treated as a single consignment als eine Erklärung (German) by way of explanation als eine freundliche Erinnerung (German) as a friendly reminder als eine Gelegenheit (German) as a bargain als eine Liebesbezeigung (German f.) as a token of love als eine reine Formsache (German) as a matter of pure form als eine Routineangelegenheit (German) as a matter of routine als eine Schnur von Perlen (German) beaded als eine Tatsache (German) as a matter-of-fact als eingeschriebenes Paket (German) by registered parcel als Einkommen behandeln (German) to treat as income als Einlage (German) on deposit als einmaliges Ereignis (German) as a single event als Einwand (German) as an objection als Einzelner (German) individually als Einzelner (German) as an individual als Entgelt für (German) in consideration of als Entlohnung für (German) in recompense for als Entschädigung für (German) in compensation for, in consideration of als Entschuldigung (German) as an excuse, by way of apology als Entschuldigung dienen (German) to be an excuse als er das gesagt hatte (German) when he had said that als er hier ankam (German) at the time when he came here als er meine Stimme hörte (German) at the sound of my voice als er noch ein Kind war (German) as a child als er noch jung war (German) when young als er sie sah (German) as soon as he saw them als ... erst einmal (German) once als er zur Welt kam (German) when he was born als Erben annehmen (German) to adopt as heir als erforderlich erachten (German) to consider necessary als Ergebnis (German) as a result als Ergebnis von (German) as a result of, as the result of als Erklärung (German) as an explanation als Erläuterung (German) as an illustration als Ermutigung dienen (German) to be an encouragement als Ersatz (German) as compensation als Ersatz dienen (German) to act as a substitute, to make up for something als Ersatz für (German) as a replacement for, as a substitute for, in exchange for als Ersatzleistung (German) by way of compensation als erste Maßnahme (German) as a first measure als Erster gehen (German) to go first als erster Schritt (German) as a first step Als erstes müssen Sie ... (German) Your immediate action must be to ... als erstklassig zählen (German) to be rated A 1 (first class) als Erwachsener (German) in adulthood als erwiesen ansehen (German) to take as demonstrated als es darauf ankam (German) when it came to the point als falsch entlarven (German) to debunk als Fassade dienen (German) to front for (something criminal etc.) als Faustregel (German) as a rough guide als Favorit gehandelt (German) fancied als ... firmieren (German) to operate under the name of ... als Folge des Unfalls (German) as a result of the accident als Folge dieser Ereignisse (German) as a sequel to these events als Folge von (German) in consequence of, in the wake of als Frau verkleidet (German) dressed up as a woman als Frau verkleideter Mann (German m.) man dressed as a woman als frei ankündigen (German) to announce as vacant als Freiwilliger (German) as a volunteer als Fremdenführer tätig sein (German) to act as somebody's guide als Freund (German) as a friend als Freund akzeptieren (German) to accept as a friend als Freund unterstützen (German) to befriend als freundliche Geste (German) as a gesture of friendship als Friedensstifter (German) as a peacemaker als frischverheirateter Mann (German) as a newly-married man als Führer tätig sein (German) to act as a guide to somebody als Fürsprecher tätig sein (German) to act as spokesman als Ganzes (German) en bloc, in its entirety, as a whole als Garten angelegt (German) arranged as a garden als Gast auftreten (German) to make a guest appearance als Gast erscheinen (German) to appear as a guest als Gastkünstler (German) as a guest artist als Gebühr (German) as a fee als Gefälligkeit (German) complimentary als gefährlich eingestuft (German) designated hazardous als gegeben annehmen (German) to assume als Gegengewicht dienen (German) to counterbalance als Gegengewicht fungieren (German) to act as a counterbalance to als Gegenleistung (German) as a return for something, in return for als Gegenleistung für Dienste (German) in return for services als Gegenleistung geben (German) to give in return als Gegenseite (German) as the other side als Gegenwert annehmen (German) to take in exchange als Geisel (German) as a hostage als Geiseln (German) as hostages als geschäftsführender Direktor eingesetzt (German) appointed as managing director als geschäftsführender Direktor handeln (German) to act as managing director als Geschenk (German) as a present, as a gift als Geschworener tätig sein (German) to serve on a jury als Gesellschafter aufnehmen (German) to admit as a partner als Gesellschafter hereinnehmen (German) to admit as partner als Gespenst erscheinen (German) to spook (colloquial) als Gewinn (German) as a prize als gleich behandeln (German) to treat as equal als Gott ansehen (German) to deify als größerer Hersteller von (German) as a major manufacturer of als großes Zugeständnis (German) as a great concession als Grundlage für ... dienen (German) to serve as a basis for ... als Grundlage genommen (German) taken as a basis als Gruppe (German) as a group als Gruppe ankommen (German) to arrive as a group als guter Kollege (German) as a good colleague als habe man es in die Wiege gelegt bekommen (German) as (if) to the manner born als Halbwüchsiger (German) in his teens als Händler eingesetzt (German) appointed as dealers als Händler unter Vertrag genommen (German) appointed as dealers als hätte er es die ganze Zeit (über) gewusst (German) as if he knew all along als Hauptfach studieren (German) to read, majoring (university course) als Hauptgericht (German) as a principal dish, as the main course als Haustier gehalten (German) kept as a pet als Heiligtum bewahrt (German) enshrined als (heißer) Favorit gelten (German) to be (hotly) tipped als (heißer) Kandidat gehandelt werden (German) to be (hotly) tipped als Hersteller von (German) as manufacturers of als Hilfe um zu (German) as an aid to als Hilfsmittel (German) implemental als Hintergedanke (German) at the back of one's mind als Hinweis (German) as a hint als Hobby (German) as a hobby als Hypothese (German) hypothetically als ich das Geld geerbt hatte (German) after I inherited the money als ich ihn gesehen hatte (German) after I had seen him als ich in deinem Alter war (German) when I was your age als ich noch dort wohnte (German) when I used to live there als ich noch ein Schüler war (German) in my school days als ich noch jung war (German) in my young(er) days als ich so alt war wie du (German) when I was your age als ich weg war (German) after I had gone als ich zu Hause ankam (German) on getting home, after reaching home als Ihre abschließende Teilzahlung (German) as your final installment als Ihre erste Teilzahlung (German) as your first installment als Ihre letzte Teilzahlung (German) as your last installment als Indikator dienen (German) to act as an indicator als Informant tätig sein (German) to act as an informer als Information (German) for your information (FYI) als inkompetent bezeichnen (German) to declare incompetent als junger Mann (German) as a young man als junger Mensch (German) as a youth als Jurist tätig sein (German) to practise law als Kandidat auftreten (German) to come forward as a candidate als Kandidat stehen für (German) to be a candidate for als Kassier (German) as cashier als Kaufmann tätig sein (German) to be in the trade als Kellner arbeiten (German) to wait tables als Kern (German) as the nucleus als Kind (German) as a child als Kind annehmen (German) to affiliate als Kind zu heiß gebadet worden sein (German) to have been dropped on one's head (figurative: stupid) Als Kompromiss böte sich an, ... (German) A suitable compromise would be ... als Konsignationsware (German) on consignment als Koordinator handelnd (German) acting as coordinator als Kopie bescheinigt (German) certified to be a true copy als kräftiges Lösungsmittel dienen (German) to act as a powerful solvent als Kritiker tätig sein (German) to act as critic als Kronzeuge auftreten (German) to turn state's evidence, to testify as a state witness, to turn Queen's/King's's evidence als Kronzeuge auftreten (German) to appear as principal witness als Kügelchen (German) pelleted als Künstler (German) as an artist als Kurier tätig sein (German) to act as courier to als Kuriosität (German) as a curiosity als Kurzbezeichnung für ... stehen (German) to signify ... als Lehrer (German) as a teacher als Leihgabe (German) as a loan als Leitlinie dienen (German) to serve as a guide als letzte Möglichkeit (German) as the last choice als letzte Zuflucht (German) as a last resort als letzten Ausweg (German) as a last resort als Letzter ankommen (German) to be the last one to arrive als letzter Ausweg (German) in the last resort als Letzter kommen (German) to come last als letztes (German) as a last resort als letztes Mittel (German) as a last resource als Lieblingsbeschäftigung (German) as a hobby als Lohn für (German) in recompense for als Lohn für deine Mühen (German) as recompense for your efforts als Lügner bezeichnen (German) to declare him a liar als Maler (German) as a painter als Mann gekleidete Frau (German f.) woman dressed up as a man als Märtyrer sterben (German) to die a martyr als Maßstab dienen (German) to serve as a rule als Meistersinger auftreten (German) meistersinging als Minderjähriger (German) as a minor als minderwertig angesehene Ware (German f.) inferior good als Mindestmaß (German) as a minimum als Minimum (German) as a minimum als Mitglied aufnehmen (German) to accept as a member, to admit as a member als Mitglied der Familie (German) as a member of the family als Mitglied in den Club aufnehmen (German) to admit to membership of the club als Mittel dienend (German) instrumental (perform a role) als Mittelsmann tätig sein (German) to act as middleman between, to act as a go-between als Modell dienen (German) to serve as a model als mögliches Ereignis (German) as a possible event Als Musiker sucht er seinesgleichen. (German) As a musician he has no peer. als Muster (German) as sample als Muster dienen für (German) to sample als Nachfolger einsetzen (German) to appoint a successor to als Nachnahme kassieren (German) to collect on delivery als nächster auf der Liste (German) next on the list als nächstes (German) next, up next als nächstes auf dem Programm stehen (German) to be next up on the agenda als nächstes kommen (German) to come next als nachträglicher Einfall (German) as an afterthought als Nachweis (German) by way of proof, as proof als natürliche Folge (German) as a natural consequence als natürliches Ergebnis (German) as a natural result als Nebenbemerkung (German) as an aside als normales Vorgehen (German) as a normal procedure als Notadresse tätig werden (German) to act as case-of-need Also anche (Italian), auch (German), aussi (French) also (German) so, thus, anyway, therefore Also ... (German) Well, ... Also, ... (German) Well now, ... Also, ... ? (German) Now, ... ? Also dann, auf Wiedersehen. (German) Well, bye then. Also, das nenn ich mal 'ne Überraschung. (German) Now, this is an unexpected pleasure. also doch (German) after all Also gut. (German) Very well. All right. All right, then. OK then. als ob (German) as if, as though, like (colloquial: as if) Als ob das jemals passieren würde! (German) As if that would ever happen! als ob das nicht (schon) genug wäre (German) as if this wasn't enough als ob du nicht wüsstest (German) as if you didn't know als ob er im Besitz wäre (German) as if he were in possession als ob es meine Schuld wäre (German) as though it were my fault Als ob ich nicht schon genug Probleme hätte. (German) As if I didn't have enough problems. als ob man sagen wollte (German) as much as to say, as if to say als ob nichts geschehen wäre (German) as though nothing had happened als ob sie besäße (German) as if she owned Also schieß los! (German) So shoot! (colloquial) Also schön. (German) All right. als öffentliche Dienstleistung (German) as a public service al sol (Spanish) in the sun al solito (Italian) as usual also sprach (German, archaic) thus spake Also sprach Zarathustra (German) Thus Spake Zarathustra (prose poem by Friedrich Nietzsche) - also a tone poem Op. 30 by Richard Strauss (1864-1949) based on Nietzsche's prose poem Frederick Delius (1862-1934) set 11 sections of the same poem in his Mass of Life Also wie siehts aus? (German) So what's the what? (colloquial) Also wirklich! (German) Honestly! (annoyed) Also, was haben wir hier? (German) So what have we got here? Also, wo waren wir? (German) Now, where were we? Also? Wer steht zu mir? (German) Now? Who's with me? als Paar (German) as a couple als Pfand der Freundschaft (German) as a pledge of friendship als Poesie angesehen (German) considered as poetry als Priorität (German) as a matter of priority als privates Unternehmen geführt (German) privately operated als Privatperson (German) as a private person als Probe (German) as a test als Puffer wirken (German) to act as a buffer als Reaktion auf (German) in response to als Rechnungsprüfer bestellen (German) to appoint as auditor als Reserve (German) in reserve als richtig bescheinigen (German) to verify als richtig bescheinigt (German) certified correct als Richtschnur dienen (German) to serve as a rule als Sachleistung zurückzahlen (German) repay in kind als Sammelobjekt geeignet (German) collectible, collectible (worth collecting) als Säugling behandelnd (German) babying als Schaffner tätig sein (German) to conduct an omnibus als Schafweide genutzt (German) used for grazing sheep als Schauspieler (German) as an actor als Scherz (German) as a joke als schick gelten (German) to be trendy als Schiedsrichter berufen werden (German) to be appointed arbitrator als Schiedsrichter fungieren (German) to referee als schlecht hinstellen (German) to tear to shreds als Schlichter tätig sein (German) to act as arbitrator als Schnäppchen verkaufen (German) to sell at a bargain price als schreckliche Warnung (German) as a terrible warning als Schriftsteller (German) as a writer als Schriftsteller anfangen (German) to begin as a writer als sei man dafür geschaffen (German) as (if) to the manner born als sein Eigentum anerkennen (German) to accept as one's own als seinen Nachfolger (German) as his successor als Seitenbemerkung (German) as an aside als Sekretär (German) secretarial als Sekretärin (German) secretarial als Sekretärin tätig sein (German) to act as a secretary als selbsternannter Stilpapst auftreten (German) to claim the role of a self-appointed style pundit als Selbstzweck (German) as an end in itself als seltene Ausnahme (German) as a rare exception als Sicherheitsmaßnahme (German) as a safeguard against als sie die Gefahr wahrnahmen (German) when they awoke to their danger als sie finanzielle Probleme hatten (German) when they had money problems als Sieger (German) victoriously als Sieger hervor gehen (German) to come off victorious, to come off victor als Sieger hervorgehen (German) to come out as winner, to come off as the winner, to emerge victorious, to emerge the winner als Sitzgelegenheit dienen (German) to serve as a seat als solcher (German) as such als Soldat dienen (German) to soldier (serve as a soldier) als Sonderleistung (German) as an extra als Spähtrupp unterwegs (German) on the scout als Sparmaßnahme (German) as a measure of economy als Sprecher tätig sein (German) to do the talking als Sprecher tätig sein (German) to act as spokesman als Star herausstellend (German) starring als Strafe (German) by way of punishment, as a punishment, as punishment als Strohmann dienen für (German) to front for (something illegal) als Tafelgeschäft (German) over the counter als Tänzer (German) as a dancer als Tatsache hinstellen (German) to aver als Teil der erwarteten Pflichten (German) as part of the expected duties als Teil der Wahltaktik (German) as part of election tactics als Teil des Festes (German) as part of the festival als Teil dieses Programms (German) as part of this programme als Teil eines größeren Ganzen (German) as part of a greater whole als Teilzahlung (German) as an installment, as partial payment, in part payment, on account, as part payment als Teilzahlung annehmen (German) to accept in part payment als Teilzahlung für (German) as an installment against Alsterwasser (German n.) beer and lemonade, shandy als Tier erscheinen (German n.) to appear in the form of an animal als Totalverlust angesehen (German n.) considered a total loss als Treuhänder auftreten (German n.) to act as trustee als Treuhänder tätig sein (German n.) to act as trustee als Treuhänder verwalten (German n.) to hold on trust als Trinkgeld für (German n.) in consideration of als Trost (German n.) as a consolation als überdurchschnittlich beurteilen (German n.) to assess as above-average als unabhängiges Organ (German n.) as an independent body als unfähig bezeichnen (German n.) to declare incapable als ungeeignet bezeichnet (German n.) labelled as unsuitable als unglaubwürdig verworfen (German n.) condemned as untrustworthy als unschuldig befunden (German n.) proved to be innocent als unschuldig gelten (German n.) to be presumed innocent als unser Vertreter (German n.) as our representative als Unterauftrag weitergeben (German n.) to subcontract als unwirksam erwiesen (German n.) proved ineffective al sur de (Spanish) to the south of als Vemittler fungieren (German) to act as a broker als Verbindung dienen (German) to act as liaison als Vergeltung für (German) in reprisal for als Vergeltungsmaßnahme (German) as a reprisal als Vergütung (German) as a remuneration als verlässliche Lieferanten von (German) as reliable suppliers of als vermisst gemeldet (German) reported as missing als vermisst gemeldet werden (German) to be reported missing als Vermittler dienen (German) to act as a go-between als Versuch (German) by way of experiment, as an experiment als Versuchskaninchen dienen (German) to act as a guinea pig als Vertreter bestellen (German) to appoint as deputy als Vertreter dienen (German) to act as a person's substitute als Vertreter für (German) as agent for als Vertreter handeln (German) to act as agent als Vertreter tätig sein (German) to act as agent, to act as somebody's deputy als Vertretung für ... dienen (German) to act as a substitute for ... als Verzierung (German) as an ornament als Vierter ankommen (German) to arrive fourth als völlig inakzeptabel gelten (German) to be beyond the pale als Vorbedingung (German) as a precondition als Vorbereitung zu (German) in preparation for als vorbeugende Maßnahme (German) as a preventive measure als Vorbild (German) as an example als Vorbild dienen (German) to serve as a model als vorletzter (German) next to last, penultimate als Vorschlag (German) as a suggestion als Vorsichtsmaßnahme (German) as a precaution als Vorsichtsmaßnahme gedacht (German) cautionary als Vorstellung vorhanden (German) conceptional als Vorwand vorbringen (German) to allege as a pretext als Wachposten aufstellen (German) to mount als Wahlleistung (German) as an option als wahr anerkennen (German) to concede as true, to accept as true als wäre es über die Leber gelaufen (German) liverish als Wegweiser (German) as a guide als wenn (German) as though, as if als Werkzeug (German) instrumentally (playing a part in some outcome) als Werkzeug dienend (German) instrumental (playing a part in some outcome) als Werkzeug für ... (German) as a tool for ... als wertlos verwerfen (German) to dismiss as valueless als Wertpaket (German) by registered parcel als wie (German) just like als wir das Land erblickten (German) at our first sight of land als wir gerade kletterten (German) as we were climbing als wir in der Dunkelheit waren (German) as we were in the dark als wir uns näherten (German) at our approach, as we were nearing als wir von diesem und jenem sprachen (German) as we talked about this and that als wir vorbeikamen (German) as we were passing als Witwe zurückgelassen werden (German) to be left a widow als Witwer zurückgelassen werden (German) to be left a widower als wolle er sagen (German) as much as to say als wolle er sie sagen (German) as much as to say als Zahlung für (German) as payment for als Zahlung für Ihre Dienste (German) as payment for your services als zahlungsfähig bekannt (German) regarded as being solvent als Zeichen (German) as a token, as a mark, as a sign als Zeichen der Dankbarkeit (German) as a simple token of gratitude als Zeichen der Freundschaft (German) as a token of friendship als Zeichen der Hochachtung (German) as a sign of esteem als Zeichen der Trauer (German) as a sign of mourning als Zeichen der Übereinstimmung (German) as a sign of agreement als Zeichen der Untergebenheit (German) as a sign of humility als Zeichen des Einvernehmens (German) as a sign of their agreement als Zeichen des Respekts (German) as a mark of respect, as a sign of respect als Zeichen des Vertrauens (German) as a sign of confidence als Zeichen meiner Achtung (German) as a mark of my esteem als Zeichen unserer Hochachtung (German) as a token of respect als Zeichen von (German) as a sign of, in token of, as a mark of als Zeichen wahrer Freundschaft (German) as a sign of true friendship als Zeuge auftreten (German) to stand up as a witness, to appear as (a) witness, to take the stand (as a witness), to go in the (witness) box als Zeuge aussagen (German) to testify, to give evidence, to bear witness als Ziel gesetzt (German) targeted als Zugabe (German) for good measure als Zugabe geben (German) to throw in als ... zusammengenommen (German) than ... put together als Zusatz (German) as an extra als zusätzliche Vorsichtsmaßnahme (German) as an extra precaution als zutreffend anerkennen (German) to accept as true als Zweiter ankommen (German) to come in second Alt (Dutch, German m., Danish, Swedish) alto, contralto, counter-tenor (German prefix) the alto-pitched or second-highest of a family of instruments, e.g. Altblockflöte (German f.), Altflöte (German f.), Althorn (German n.), Altklarinette (German f.), Altsaxofon (German n.) (German m. archaic) meane (German n.) top-fermented dark beer high, highest (pertaining to range), a term describing the octave above the top line of the treble stave (that is from G immediately above the fifth line of the treble staff to the next F above). The octave above this is said to be in altissimo (German) old, second-hand, former, auld (Scottish), antiquarian, ancient, stale, aged, antiquated, dated, anciently alt abbreviation of 'altered dominant' (also appearing as alt dom), a term used in jazz to indicate a dominant (V7) chord with altered upper extensions (e.g. sharp 11th, flat 13th, etc.) alt. abbreviation of 'alteration', 'alternate', 'alternative' or 'alto' Alt- (German) legacy, former (prefix) Alta (Spanish f.) discharge (medical) (Spanish f.) see alta danza alta in Spanish, is a feminine noun taking masculine article in the singular alta (Italian) high, higher (Spanish) see alto (Italian) ottava alta, an octave higher - this is, play the notes one octave higher than written Alta burguesía (Spanish f.) upper-middle classes Alta calidad (Spanish f.) high quality Alta costura (Spanish f.) haute couture Alta danza (Spanish, literally 'high (dance)') or alta, the name the Spanish originally gave to the Italian dance called the salterello Alta fidelidad (Spanish f.) high fidelity, hi-fi Altai (German n.) Altay Altay Altaic (from the Altai mountains) a non-Indo-European language family including Turkish, Tungusic, and Mongolian Altaisch (German n.) Altaic altaisch (German) Altaic Altaistik (German f.) Altaic studies (ethnic and cultural studies in the Central Asian region) Altaktionär (German m.) original shareholder Altalena (Italian f.) swing, see-saw al tallone (Italian) at the heel of the bow, at the frog, am Frosch (German), au talon (French), à la hausse (French) altamente (Spanish) highly, extremely altamente cualificado (Spanish) highly qualified (staff, workers) altamente improbable (Spanish) highly improbable, highly unlikely altamente recomendado (Spanish) highly recommended Altamische (German pl.) Old Order Amish alta mode (Italian) the Italian equivalent of haute couture Alta musica in the fifteenth century, a loud (in French haut) instrumental ensemble usually consisting of two or three loud double-reed shawms and a sackbut Altan (German m.) balcony, terrace Altanería (Spanish f.) pride, arrogance altanero (m.), altanera (f.) (Spanish) proud, haughty, arrogant Altanlagen (German pl.) old sites Altapostel (German m.) early apostle Altar (s.), Altare (German pl.) (English, German m., Spanish m.) a table or slab consecrated for celebration for celebration of the sacrament of the Eucharist, or Holy Communion; in a medieval church, in addition to the high altar or principal altar, other altars dedicated to particular saints were located in chapels around the church Altarbereich (German m.) sanctuary, presbytery Altarbibel (German f.) altar Bible Altarbild (German n.) altarpiece Altardiener (German m.) acolyte Altargemälde (German n.) altarpiece, altar piece Altargitter (German n.) communion rail Altarium (German n.) sanctuary, presbytery Altarkelch (German m.) chalice Altarkerze (German f.) altar candle Altarleuchter (German m.) altar candlestick Altarm (German m.) oxbow lake, billabong (Australia) Altarplatz (German m.) chancel Altarraum (s.), Altarräume (pl.) (German m.) chancel, presbytery, sanctuary, choir (part of a church) Altarschranke (German f.) altar screen Altarstufe (German f.) altar step Altartafel (German f.) altarpiece Altartuch (German n.) pall (archaic: altar cloth), altar cloth Altarwein (German m.) altar wine Alta sociedad (Spanish f.) high society Alta tensión (Spanish f.) high tension, high voltage altäthiopisch (German) ancient Ethiopian alt aussehend (German) ancient-looking Altauto (German n.) old car (ready to be scrapped) Altavoz (Spanish m.) loudspeaker, megaphone Altazimut (German n./m.) alt-azimuth Alt-azimuth simple mount used for moving a telescope, camera, helostatic mirror, or solar panel along two perpendicular axes of motion, one vertical and one horizontal. The vertical movement is known as the altitude, while the horizontal motion is called the azimuth. Alt-Bachisch Archive (German) the listing of works composed by earlier members of the Bach family prepared by J. S. Bach altbacken (German) frumpy, stale, antiquated (figurative) altbackenes Brot (German n.) stale bread Altbau (German m.) old building Altbaumodernisierung (German f.) modernisation of an old building Altbausanierung (German f.) refurbishment of an old building Altbauwohnung (German f.) flat in an old building altbekannt (German) well-known, renowned Altbestand (German m.) old stock altbewährt (German) well-tried, classical, tried and tested Altblockflöte (s.), Altblockflöten (pl.) (German f.) alto recorder, treble recorder altbritisch (German) old British Altbundeskanzler (German m.) former German Chancellor Altbürger (German m.) person born in a town altchristliche Kirche (German f.) Early Christian church Altclarinette (German f.) alto clarinet, a fifth lower than the ordinary B flat or C clarinets, usually pitched in E flat or F Altdänisch (German n.) Old Danish altdänisch (German) Old Danish Alte (German m.) old person (German) die Alten, old people (German f.) wife, missus (colloquial) alte Art (German f.) old style alte Ausgabe (German f.) back copy, back number alte Ausgabe einer Zeitschrift (German f.) back number of a magazine Alte Bäume soll man nicht verpflanzen (German) you can't teach an old dog new tricks alte Beschwerde (German f.) old trouble alte Bräuche (German pl.) ancient customs alte Burg (German f.) ancient castle al Tedesco (Italian) in the German style alte Dokumente (German pl.) ancient documents alte Duzfreunde (German pl.) old friends alte Eiche (German f.) ancient oak alte Erinnerungen (German pl.) old memories alte Filme (German pl.) old films alte Flöte (German f.) ancient flute, old flute alte Freundschaft (German f.) old friendship alte Geschichte (German f.) ancient history Alte Gewohnheiten lassen sich schwer überwinden. (German) Old habits die hard. alte griechische Zivilisation (German f.) ancient Greek civilization alte Handschrift (German f.) ancient manuscript alte Hexe (German f.) old witch, old hag altehrwürdig (German) venerable, time-honoured, vintage alteingeführt (German) long-established, longstanding, old-established alteingesessen (German) old-established, long-established Alteingesessene (German pl.) long-time residents alteingesessene Firma (German f.) old-established firm alteingesessene Geschäftsleute (German pl.) old-established trades Alteisen (German n.) scrap iron alte Jugendliebe (German f.) old flame of one's youth alte Jungfer (German f.) old maid, spinster alte Klamotte (German f.) oldie (film) alte kleine Kanone (German f.) ancient small cannon alte Knacker (German pl.) old geezers (colloquial) alte Kriegsmaschine (German f.) ancient war engine alte Kulturen (German pl.) ancient cultures al teléfono (Spanish) on the phone alte Legende (German f.) ancient legend alte Lehrmeinung (German f.) the old school alte Leute (German pl.) old people alte Liebe (German f.) old love, old flame Alte Liebe rostet nicht. (German) First love, last love. alte Literatur (German f.) ancient literature alte Möbel auffrischen (German) to renew old furniture, to (re)varnish old furniture alte Modell (German n.) vintage alte Münze (German f.) ancient coin alte Musik (German f.) ancient music, early music (prior to the Classical period) Altenberglieder Fünf Orchesterlieder nach Ansichtskartentexten von Peter Altenberg, a set of five songs Op. 4 by Alban Berg (1885-1935 Altenberg Lieder altenfeindlich (German) ageist altengerecht (German) in accordance with the requirements of elderly people Altenglisch (German n.) Anglo-Saxon, Old English altenglische Grundsteuer (German f.) danegeld Altenheim (German n.) retirement home, old people's home, almshouse Altenheim (German n.) old people's home Altenklub (German m.) club for senior citizens Altenpflege (German f.) geriatric nursing, geriatric care, care of the elderly Altenpflegeheim (German n.) nursing home for the elderly Altenpfleger (m.), Altenpflegerin (f.) (German) geriatric nurse Altenseelsorge (German f.) pastoral work with the elderly, pastoral care of the elderly, ministry to the elderly Ältenstenversammlung (German f.) presbytery Altenteilerhaus (German n.) house reserved for an elderly person, retirement home Altenteilsberechtigter (German m.) retired farmer entitled to a portion of the estate Altenwohnheim (German n.) home for the elderly alte Nummer einer Zeitschrift (German f.) back number of a journal alte Nummern von Zeitschriften (German pl.) back numbers of a journal alte Person (German f.) old person, wrinkly (slang: old person) Alter (German n.) age, old age, seniority (German m.) greybeard, old man (husband, male partner) alter (Latin) second alter. abbreviation of 'alteration' älter (German) elder, prior, senior, older Alterabilidad (Spanish f.) changeability alterable (Spanish) changeable Alteração (Portuguese) alteration Alteração de parâmetro (Portuguese) bias Alteración (s.), Alteraciones (pl.) (Spanish f.) alteration, change, distortion, disturbance, agitation, quarrel, row Alteración accidentelle (Spanish f.) or chromatic alteration, the raising or lowering of a note by means of an accidental sostenido sharp sign bemol flat sign becuadro natural sign doble sostenido double sharp sign doble bemol double flat sign Alteración del orden público (Spanish f.) breach of the peace alterado (m.), alterada (f.) (Spanish) changed, altered, disturbed (perturbed), upset älter als (German) prior to älter als ... sein (German) to be ...'s senior älter als 10 (German) from ten upwards alterar (Spanish) to change (plan, text, design), to alter (plan, text, design), to disturb (perturb), to distort (truth, facts), to anger, to irritate, to make ... go off, to turn ... bad alter Arbeiter (German m.) old hand (a person with considerable experience) alterare (Italian) to alter, to adulturate, to disturb, to falsify, to anger, to irritate alterarse (Spanish) to change (colour), to get upset (person), to get angry, to alter, to go off (food), to go bad (food), to become irregular (pulse, respiration) Alteratio (Latin) in mensurable music, augementation, i.e. the doubling of the note value under certain conditions Alteration (English, German f.) or chromatic alteration, the raising or lowering of a note by means of an accidental double sharp Doppelkreuz (German) raising a note by a tone (whole step) sharp Kreuz (German) raising a note by a semitone (half step) double flat Doppel-Be (German) lowering a note by a tone (whole step) flat Be (German) lowering a note by a semitone (half step) natural sign Auflösungszeichen, Quadrat (German) signifying that the note is neither raised nor lowered an example of chromaticism, 'alteration' is the use of a neighbouring note in the chromatic scale in place of its diatonic neighbour such as in an altered chord. This should not be confused with borrowing (as in borrowed chord), in which pitches or chords from the parallel key are used in place of those of the original key. Altered notes may be used as leading tones to emphasis their diatonic neighbours. In jazz, the fifth and ninth may be raised (augmented) or lowered (diminished); the fourth (or eleventh) may be augmented; the thirteenth may be diminished. However, the expression 'diminished seventh' is used solely as the name of a chord Alteration (jazz) or 'altered note', the b9, #9, #11, b5, #5, b13 of a chord Alteration (rhythmic) in tempus perfectum, if a pair of semibreves are placed between two breves, the second one is 'altered', by doubling its duration Aleration taken from Renaissance Music Notation from the mid-sixteenth century Glossary Altération (French f.) alteration Altération accidentelle (French f.) accidental sign altérations simples single accidentals le dièse sharp sign le bémol flat sign le bécarre natural sign altérations doubles double accidentals le double dièse double sharp sign le double bémol double flat sign le double bécarre double natural sign le bécarre-dièse natural-sharp sign le bécarre-bémol natural-flat sign Altération constitutive (French f.) an alteration determined by the key signature Altération essentielle (French f.) the sharp and flats of the key signature Alterato (Italian) altered in pitch, raised or lowered by a semitone, alteratio Alterazio (Italian) alteration Alterazione (s.), Alterazioni (pl.) (Italian f.) alteration (Italian f.), in music, accidental notation English French German Italian Spanish Catalan double sharp double dièse Doppelkreuz doppio diesis doble sostenido, elevación de dos semitonos doble diesi (f.), elevació de dos semitons (m.) sharp dièse Kreuz diesis sostenido, elevación de un semitono diesi (f.), sostingut (m.) natural, natural sign bécarre, naturel Auflösungszeichen, Quadrat bequadro becuadro becaire (m.) flat bémol Be bemolle bemol, bajada de un semitono bemoll (m.), disminució d'un semitò (f.) double flat double bémol Doppel-Be doppio bemolle doble bemol, bajada de dos semitonos doble diesi (f.), disminució de dos semitons (m.) alter Bekannter (German m.) old acquaintance alter Brauch (German m.) long custom, ancient usage, ancient practices Alter Bund (German m.) Old Covenant Altercado (Spanish m.) argument, quarrel altercar (Spanish) to argue, to quarrel Alterchen (German n.) gaffer (old man) Alter der Mutter (German n.) maternal age Alter des Baumes (German n.) age of a tree alter Drachen (German m.) harridan Ältere (German f.) older person (female) (German pl.) older people, elders ältere (German) elder altéré (French) altered (French) altered in pitch, raised or lowered by a semitone, alteratio ältere Arbeitskraft (German f.) older worker ältere Ausgabe (einer Zeitung) (German f.) back copy (of a newspaper) ältere Ausgaben (German pl.) back copies ältere Bevölkerung (German f.) elderly population alte Rechnungen begleichen (German) to settle old scores ältere Dame (German f.) elderly lady Altered chord also called 'chromatic chord', a chord in which a note has been changed from its normal position, usually chromatically. The most common are secondary dominants, borrowed chords, chromatic mediants and augmented sixth chords. An altered chord does not cause a modulation in jazz, an altered chord is a dominant chord that has the 5th and the 9th flatted or sharped Altered chord Altered dominants dominant triads or seventh chords with chromatic alterated fifths Altered mode the seventh mode of the melodic minor scale Altered nonharmonic note a nonharmonic note that is chromatically altered so as to become foreign to the prevailing key Altered note a note that is foreign to the prevailing tonality in jazz, also called an 'alteration', the b9, #9, #11, b5, #5, b13 of a chord Altered pentatonic scales unaltered scale notes of the unaltered scale Cmaj pentatonic C-D-E-G-A scale and alteration notes of the altered scale chords over which the scales will fit Cmaj pentatonic with flat 2 (b2) C-Db-E-G-A C7 (b9), Eb7 (b9), F#7 (b9), A7 (#9) Cmaj pentatonic with flat 3 (b3) C-D-Eb-G-A Cmin6/9, Amin7(b5), Ebmaj7, F7, B7(alt) Cmaj pentatonic with flat 2 & flat 5 (b2 & b5) C-Db-E-Gb-A C7 (b9), Eb7 (b9), Gb7 (b9), A7 (#9) Cmaj pentatonic with flat 5 (b5) C-D-E-Gb-A Cmaj7(#11), C7(#11), F#min7(b5), Amin7, D7 Cmaj pentatonic with flat 6 (b6) C-D-E-G-Ab C7(#5), Dmin7(b5), E7(#9), Fmin(maj7) Cmaj pentatonic with flat 3 & flat 6 (b3 & b6) C-D-Eb-G-Ab Cmin7, Dmin7(b5), Ebmaj7, Fmin7, Ab/G, Abmaj7(#11), B7(alt) Cmaj pentatonic with flat 2 & flat 6 (b2 & b6) C-Db-E-G-Ab C7(alt), Dbmin7(b5), E7(alt) Altered Pentatonic Scales & Where To Use Them by Lucas Pickford - from which this table has been taken Altered scale the altered scale is the seventh mode of the melodic minor scale, the dominant 7th scale with a lowered 9th, raised 9th, raised 11th, no fifth, and lowered 13th, along with the usual root, 3rd and 7th, so-called because every possible alteration has been made. For Db melodic minor (which is Db, Eb, Fb, Gb, Ab, Bb, C, Db) the seventh mode is C altered (i.e. C, Db, Eb, Fb, Gb, Ab, Bb, C). The scale has both a minor third C-Eb and, because Fb is enharmonically equivalent to E, a major third. In jazz, the altered scale is played over dominant 7th chords Altered tunings also called 'alternate tuning' or scordatura from the Italian scordare, meaning 'to mistune', deliberate mistuning of strings of various stringed instruments to change the character of the instrument or of the piece performed upon it Scordatura Altered Tunings in Flamenco Guitar Alternate Tuning Guide for Contemporary Folk Music Alternate Tunings for Guitar About Scordatura and the Viola d'amore Altered Tunings - Cape Breton, Irish and Scottish Fiddle Music Violin Masters of the 17th Century Original Repertoire for the Modern 10-String Guitar The Complete Book of Alternate Tunings Alter ego (Latin) Alter Ego (German n.) the other 'I' or other 'self' (more correctly, an intimate or trusted friend) a literary character or narrator who is a thinly disguised representation of the author, poet, or playwright creating a work ältere Hefte (German pl.) back issues alter Einwohner (German m.) ancient inhabitant ältere Jahrgänge (German pl.) back runs (of a journal, etc.) ältere Leute (German pl.) older people, elderly people ältere Marke (German f.) prior trademark ältere Menschen (German pl.) the elderly, elderly people Älterer (German m.) senior, older person altérer (French) falsify älterer (German) elder älterer (m.), ältere (f.), älteres (n.) (German) elderly älterer Anspruch (German m.) a more ancient right älterer Arbeitnehmer (German m.) older worker älterer Bruder (German m.) big brother, elder brother älterer Bürger (German m.) senior citizen älterer Herr (German m.) elderly gentleman älterer Student (German m.) older student ältere Schwester (German f.) big sister älteres Ehepaar (German n.) elderly (married) couple ältere Semester (German pl.) elderly people (humerous) älteres Fräulein (German n., archaic) spinster ältere Verpflichtung (German f.) prior engagement Alterezza (Italian f.) pride, loftiness alterfahren (German) veteran alter Film (German m.) old film alter Freund (German m.) old friend alter Freund der Familie (German m.) old friend of the family, old family friend alter Fuchs (German m.) old fox alter Fund (German m.) ancient find alter Gegner (German m.) old adversary alter Gockel (German m.) conceited old man alter Griesgram (German m.) sour old man alter Hase (German m.) (old) trouper, old-timer (US) (colloquial) alter Herr (German m.) old man (colloquial: father) alterieren (German) to alter alteriert (German) altered alterierter Akkord (s.), alterierte Akkorde (pl.) (German m.) altered chord alterierte Skala (German f.) altered scale Alterierung (German f.) alteration (the applicationuse of a chromatic inflection to a note in a chord or scale) Alterigia (Italian f.) haughtiness Alterität (German f.) alterity Alterity the state of being other or different, diversity, otherness alter Junggeselle (German m.) old bachelor alter Kahn (German m.) hooker alter Kamerad (German m.) comrade, crony alter Kauz (German m.) old buffer, fuddy-duddy (colloquial) alter Knacker (German m.) old geezer (colloquial) old crock (colloquial) (a person) alter Ladenhüter (German m.) non-seller älter machen (German) to age alter Mann (German m.) old man, greybeard alter Meister (German m.) old master Altern (German n.) ageing, aging altern (German) to season (timber), to grow old, to age alternado (Spanish) alternate Alternador (Spanish m.) alternator, alternating-current generator alternamente (Italian) alternately, alternating, by turns alternamos la gimnasia con el tenis (Spanish) we alternate gymnastics with tennis Alternance (French f.) alternation Alternancia (Spanish f.) alternating styles, as, for example, with a song structure where two styles of music alternate with each other (Spanish f.) alternation (although this is not a widely accepted term in musical circles) alternan con gente bien (Spanish) they mix with the rich and wealthy alternando (Italian) alternately, alternating (as when a part of a composition is to alternate with another), by turns alternante (Spanish) alternating alternar (Spanish) to alternate, to meet people, to socialize alternar ... con ... (Spanish) to alternate ... with ... alternar con ... (Spanish) to mix with ... (people) alternarse (Spanish) to take turns Alternate picking a guitar playing technique, necessarily used only by pick-users, that employs strictly alternating downward and upward picking strokes in a continuous run. It is the most common method of plectrum playing. If this technique is performed on a single note at speed then it may also be referred to as tremolo picking Alternate picking from which this extract has been taken Alternate singing where two choirs sing alternately, for example in a church service where the choir responds to the chant sung by the priest Alternate tuning see 'altered tuning' alternatief (Dutch) ossia alternatif (m.), alternative (f.) (French) alternating Alternatim (from alternatus (Latin: 'alternately')) a term applied to two instruments (or voices) or instrumental groups (or vocal groups) that perform antiphonally the alternatim practice originated in the twelfth century. It usually involved the alternate singing between the soloist and the choir in the Mass. During the period associated with the Notre Dame school, plainchant and polyphonic verses were performed alternately. The organ also began to be employed in the alternatim style at the beginning of the fourteenth century. The term is used more generally today also to mean writing that alternates between two choirs, two orchestras, etc. Alternating bass a style of guitar playing where the right hand alternates between two or more strings Alternating instruments in the orchestra, the following are commonly alternating instruments flute III piccolo oboe III cor anglais (UK), English horn (US) clarinet III bass clarinet bassoon III contrabassoon Alternating variations see 'double variation' Alternation a technical term describing the property of a system that it can take up two distinct states (in popular music) a type of reharmonization involves the use of alternation. Rather than play several bars of a given chord, the accompanist may alternate between it and the chord a semitone (half step) above or below, or a dominant chord a fifth below. For instance, on a G7 chord, you might alternate between G7 and Ab7, or between G7 and F#7, or between G7 and D7. This is especially common in rock based styles, where the alternation is performed in rhythm. If the alternation is performed regularly, such as throughout an entire chorus, or even the whole tune, the soloist should be able to pick up on it and control the amount of tension produced by playing along with the reharmonization or by playing against it. That is, the soloist can lessen the tension by changing scales as you change chords, or increase tension by keeping to the original scale Reharmonizing from which this extract has been taken Alternations changes or melodies composed for bells repeated alternation between pairs of notes as illustrated above. Note head shows the total time duration of the alternating pattern while the number of lines in the beaming show the note value of each note in the pattern. In the first of the four examples, the total duration is given by the semibreve (whole note) and the repeated note value is a semiquaver (sixteenth note). There are 16 notes in the pattern. In the second example, the total duration is given by the dotted minim (dotted half note) and the repeated note value is again a semiquaver (sixteenth note). There are 12 notes in the pattern. The third and fourth example should be self-explanatory alternativ (German) alternate, alternative, alternatively Alternativa (Spanish f.) alternative la alternativa es clara (Spanish: the choice is clear) Alternativangebot (German n.) alternative offer Alternative (German f.) alternative, alternative solution, choice, alternate (substitute), option Alternative a word in vogue in the late 1960s to express some cultural or other value that differs from the norm (for example, alternative medicine). In the 1980s the word came back into vogue leading to terms such as alternative comedy and alternative therapy alternative Anschrift (German f.) alternative address Alternative aria arias written to replace a pre-existing aria in an established opera, often written by a composer other than the one who composed the original opera. These should be distinguished from 'insertion arias', arias specially composed to be added to a pre-existing aria, often by a composer who was not the composer of the original opera alternative Brennstoffe (German pl.) green fuels Alternative country or 'alt country', a term applied to various subgenres of country music. The term can refer to several ideas. Most generally, any musician who plays a type of country music different from the prevailing trend can be said to play "alternative country". By this standard, for example, the Bakersfield sound was alternative in the 1950s, and the Lubbock, Texas musicians were alternative in the 1960s. The genre is also referred to under a large number of other names, including "americana", "trashcan americana", "insurgent country", "neotraditional", "no depression", "cowpunk", "progressive country", "regressive country", "lo-fi country", "roots rock", "twang core", "rural contemporary", "country-punk", "y'allternative", "hick rock", "alternative country-rock" and many others Alternative country from which this extract has been taken Alternative country-rock see 'alternative country' Alternative electronic an umbrella term used to describe a range of lesser-known electronic music genres which are related in some fashion to industrial (and sometimes noise) music Alternative electronic from which this extract has been taken alternative Energie (German f.) alternative energy alternative Energietechniken (German pl.) alternative energy technologies alternative entre les claviers, l' (French) alternating between the keyboards (for example, on an organ or harpsichord) Alternative fingering also called 'substitute fingering', different combinations of covered and uncovered holes on a wind instrument that all produce the same pitch even if not with the same tone quality, often used to provide tonal contrast; also used to make the playing of passage work easier Alternative hip hop or 'Underground rap', a style of hip hop music distinguished by beats, samples, and lyrics that differ from the general template of popular commercial hip hop Alternative hip hop from which this extract has been taken alternative Kommunikationsmittel (German pl.) alternative means of communication alternative Lösung (German f.) alternative solution alternative Medizin (German f.) alternative medicine alternativement (French, literally 'alternately') alternativo Alternative metal an eclectic form of rock music that gained popularity in the early 1990s alongside grunge. In many instances, it can be accurately described as a fusion of heavy metal and alternative rock, especially the indie rock of the 1980s Alternative metal from which this extract has been taken alternative Methode (German f.) alternative method Alternative music see 'alternative rock' Alternative music notation Music Notation Modernization Association Alternativen (German pl.) alternatives alternativer Lebensstil (German m.) alternative lifestyle Alternative rock the terms 'alternative rock' and 'alternative music' were coined in the 1980s to describe punk rock-inspired music genres which didn't fit into the mainstream genres of the time. At times it was used as catch-all phrase for rock music from underground artists in the 1980s and rock music in general in the 1990s and 2000s Alternative rock from which this extract has been taken alternative Route (German f.) alternative route alternativer Plan (German m.) alternative plan alternative Schreibweise (German f.) alternative (form of) spelling Alternative Service Book see 'Book of Common Prayer' alternative Strategien (German pl.) alternative strategies alternative Strecke (German f.) alternative route Alternative theatre or 'alienation theatre', see Verfremdungseffekt alternative Therapie (German f.) alternative therapy alternativer Zugang (German m.) alternative approach alternatives Angebot (German n.) alternative offer Alternative zu härterer Arbeit (German f.) alternative to working harder Alternative zum Kredit mit festem Zinssatz (German f.) alternative to fixed-rate credit Alternative zur Direktfinanzierung (German f.) alternative to direct financing Alternativfrage (German f.) alternative question Alternativhypothese (German f.) alternative hypothesis Alternativkultur (German f.) alternative culture Alternativlösung (German f.) alternative solution Alternativmedizin (German f.) alternative medicine Alternativmethode (German f.) alternative method alternativo (m.), alternativa (Spanish f.) (Italian, Spanish) alternating, alternative in music, alternating one movement with another, playing movements alternately, as, for example, a trio section in a minuet or scherzo Alternativplan (German m.) alternative plan Alternativplanung (German f.) alternative planning Alternativvorschlag (German m.) alternative proposal, alternative suggestion, alternative proposition Alternativweg (German m.) alternative route Alternativwirklichkeit (German f.) alternative reality alternativ zu (German) alternative to alternd (German) growing older, ageing, senescent, growing old, aging, in one's declining years alternde Bevölkerung (German f.) ageing population, aging population alterné (French) alternate alterner (French) to alternate alternieren (German) to alternate alternierend (German) alternating, alternate alternierende Gruppe (German f.) alternating group alternierende Reihe (German f.) alternating series alternierender Ausbildungslehrgang (German m.) sandwich course alterno (m.), alterna (Spanish f.) (Italian, Spanish) alternate Alternsforschung (German f.) gerontology (the study of ageing) altero (Italian) or superbo (Italian), haughty, hochmütig (German), hautain (French) alte Robe (German f.) ancient robe alter Patriarch (German m.) ancient patriarch alter Preis (German m.) old price Alterruhegeld (German n.) retirement pay, retirement pension, old-age pension altersabhängig (German) age-dependent alter Sack (German m.) old crock (colloquial) altersangepasst (German) age-adjusted Altersarmut (German f.) old-age poverty Altersaufbau (German m.) age distribution altersbedingt (German) age-related altersbedingte Gedächtnislücke (German f.) senior moment altersbedingte Gehörabnahme (German f.) age-related hearing loss Altersbedingte Makula-Degeneration (AMD) (German f.) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) altersbedingte Makuladegeneration (German f.) age-related macular degeneration Altersbegrenzung (German f.) age limit Altersbereich (German m.) age range, age span altersbeschränkt (German) age-restricted Altersbeschränkung (German f.) age limit Altersbeschränkungen (German pl.) age restrictions Altersbeschwerden (German pl.) complaints of old age, afflictions of old age Altersbestimmung (German f.) age determination Altersbeweis (German m.) proof from antiquity Altersbezüge (German pl.) old-age pensions alter Schlingel (German m.) old rascal alter Schule (German) old-fashioned, of the old school Altersdiabetes (German m.) adult-onset diabetes Altersdifferenz (German f.) age difference Altersdiskriminierung (German f.) age segregation, age discrimination, ageism alter Seebär (German m.) old salt (old sailor) alter Seemann (German m.) old salt (old sailor), old tar (old sailor) Alterserscheinung (German f.) symptom (sign) of old age Altersfalten bekommen (German) to become lined with age Altersfleck (s.), Altersflecke (pl.) (German m.) senile freckle (Lentigo senilis), age marks (plural form) Altersforschung (German f.) research into ageing Altersfreibetrag (German m.) age allowance, old age exemption altersfreundlich (German) age-friendly Altersfürsorge (German f.) care of the elderly Altersgenosse (s.), Altersgenossen (pl.) (German m.) coeval, person of the same age, contemporary Altersgenossin (German f.) contemporary (female), person of the same age (female) altersgeschwärzt (German) blackened with age altersgleich (German) same-age, of the same age Altersgliederung (German f.) age distribution altersgrau (German) hoary Altersgrenze (German f.) age limit, age of retirement, pensionable age, retiring age, age-group, age group, age bracket, age band Altersheilkunde (German f.) geriatrics, geriatric medicine altersheilkundlich (German) geriatric Altersheim (German n.) old people's home, home for old people, home for the elderly, old folks home, old folks' home, retirement home, nursing home Altersjahr (German n.) year of age Altersklasse (German f.) age bracket, age group Altersklasseneinteilung (German f.) age grouping alterskorrigiert (German) age-corrected Alterskrankheiten (German pl.) diseases of aging Alterslücke (German f.) age gap Altersmittelwert (German m.) average age Altersnachweis (German m.) proof of age alter Soldat (German m.) old soldier, campaigner Alterspräsident (German m.) in Gewrmany, oldest member of parliament who presides until the new president takes up office alter Spießer (German m.) stuffy old man Altersprofil (German n.) age profile Alterspsychiatrie (German f.) geriatric psychiatry Altersrente (German f.) old-age pension Altersrente (German f.) retirement annuity, pension annuity Altersrentner (German m.) old-age pensioner [OAP] Altersruhegeld (German n.) old age benefits, old-age pension, old-age benefits, retirement allowance, old age pension Altersruhegeld beziehen (German) to draw retirement benefits, to draw a pension Altersschnitt (German m.) average age altersschwach (German) geriatric (colloquial: decrepit), doting, senile, stricken in years, decrepitly, decrepit, age-worn, weakened by age, decayed with age Altersschwäche (German f.) infirmity (of old age), decay, decrepitude, senile decay, senility Altersschwerhörigkeit (German f.) presbyacusis, presbycusis, age-related hearing loss, age-related deafness Alterssicherung (German f.) provision for old age Alterssichtiger (m.), Alterssichtige (f.) (German) presbyope Alterssichtigkeit (German f.) presbyopia (farsightedness resulting from a reduced ability to focus caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with age) altersspezifisch (German) age specific Altersstar (German m.) cataract Altersstarrsinn (German m.) senile stubbornness Altersstruktur (German f.) age distribution, age structure, age pattern Altersstufe (German f.) age group, age bracket, stage in life Altersteilzeit (German f.) semi-retirement, partial retirement alter Stil (German m.) old style Altersunterschied (German m.) age gap, age difference Altersverifikationssystem (German n.) age verification system Altersversicherung (German f.) old-age insurance, old age assurance, old age pension scheme Altersversicherungskasse (German f.) provident fund Altersversorgung (German f.) pension scheme, provision for old age, old-age pension (scheme) Altersverteilung (German f.) age pattern, age distribution Altersvorsorge (German f.) retirement arrangement, old-age provision, pension plan Alterszahnheilkunde (German f.) gerodontia Alterszucker (German m.) adult-onset diabetes Alterszulage (German f.) age addition, age supplement altert (German) ages, grows old alterte (German) grew old alter Text (German m.) ancient text Altertum (German n.) antiquity altertümlich (German) old, old-fashioned altertümelnd (German) antiquated (writing style, dress, etc.), becoming archaic Altertümer (German pl.) antiquities, objects of antiquity, relics altertümlich (German) archaic, antiquarian, old-world, antique, antiquated, ancient altertümlich hübsch (German) quaint altertümliche Ausdrucksform (German f.) archaism Altertümlichkeit (German f.) ancientness Altertumsforschung (German f.) archaeology Altertumskunde (German f.) archaeology Alterung (German f.) aging, ageing alterungsbeständig (German) non-ageing, non-aging, resistant to ageing, resistant to aging Alterungsbeständigkeit (German f.) ageing resistance, aging resistance, durability Alterungserscheinungen (German pl.) ageing phenomena Alterungsgeschwindigkeit (German f.) obsolescence rate Alterungsprozess (German m.) senescence, ageing process, aging process Alterungsrate (German f.) ageing rate, aging rate Alterversicherung (German f.) old-age insurance alter Veteran (German m.) old campaigner, old soldier Alter vor Schönheit (German) age before beauty Älterwerden (German n.) growing old, aging process älter werden (German) to grow old, to be growing older, to get on in years, to be getting on in years, to be getting old, to advance in years, to advance in age, to grow older älter werdend (German) aging, ageing alter Witz (German m.) old chestnut alter Zauderer (German m.) old lag Alter zur vorgezogenen Pensionierung (German n.) age for early retirement altes Brauchtum (German n.) ancient customs altes Brauchtum verehren (German) to venerate old customs altes Brot (German n.) stale bread alte Schabracke (German f.) (old) unattractive woman alte Schachtel (German f.) old bag, old biddy, old frump (all slang terms, some of them derogatory, for a woman) altes China (German n.) Celestial Empire (Ancient China) alte Schlampe (German f.) old bag (slang - derogatory) alte Schrift (German f.) ancient writing alte Schrulle (German f.) old bat (colloquial) alte Schuld (German f.) debt of long standing alte Schulden abzahlen (German) to pay off old scores alte Schule (German f.) old style, old school (slang expression for a music style, e.g. rap, hip-hop) altes Denkmal (German n.) ancient monument altes Dokument (German n.) ancient document, old document altes durchsinkendes Sofa (German n.) old sagging sofa altes Englisches Porzellan (German n.) old English china altes Fahrrad (German n.) boneshaker altes Gasthaus (German n.) ancient inn altes Geld (German n.) old money altes Gemäuer (German n.) ruins, old pile altes Gerümpel (German n.) dead wood altes Gewicht (German n.) ancient weight altes Grab (German n.) ancient grave altes Grabmal (German n.) ancient tomb altes Haus (German n.) ancient house alte Silbermünze (German f.) ancient silver coin altes Mädchen (German n.) old girl (colloquial: elderly woman) altes Mahnmal (German n.) ancient monument altes Mütterchen (German n.) beldam altes Porzellan sammeln (German) to collect old china altes Postpferd (German n.) old stager Altes Reich (German n.) Old Kingdom (Ancient Egypt) altes Schlachtfeld (German n.) ancient battlefield altes Sprichwort (German n.) old saw (colloquial) alte Stadt (German f.) ancient city, ancient town Älteste (German f.) presbyter (female) älteste (German) oldest älteste erhaltene Wohnhäuser (German pl.) oldest preserved dwellings Ältestenrat (German m.) council of elders, Council of Elders Ältestenrecht (German n.) right of primogeniture Ältester (German m.) elder, dean, presbyter, patriarch ältester (m.), älteste (f.), ältestes (n.) (German) eldest ältester Bruder (German m.) eldest brother Altes Testament (German n.) Old Testament (OT) altes Weib (German n.) hag, crone, old bag altes Zeug (German n.) junk altes Wrack (German n.) crock (colloquial: of a person) alte Tradition (German f.) ancient tradition, time-honored tradition alte Überreste (German pl.) ancient remains alte Umgebung (German f.) stomping ground alte Version (German f.) old version alte Versteinerung (German f.) old fossil alte Weiber (German pl.) hags alte Wunden wieder aufreißen (German) to reopen old sores Alteza (Spanish m./f.) height, Highness (as a title) (Spanish f.) height alte Zeiten (German pl.) ancient times alte Ziege (German f.) old bag (figurative) alte Zivilisation (s.), alte Zivilisationen (pl.) (German f.) ancient civilization alte Zöpfe (German pl.) antiquated traditions (figurative) Altezza (Italian f.) pitch, height, depth, width altezzoso (Italian) haughty Altflöte (s.), Altflöten (pl.) (German f.) alto flute (sometimes tenor flute), treble recorder [additional information supplied by Brian A. Jefferies] altfränkisch (German) antiquated Altfranzösisch (German n.) Old French Altfriesisch (German n.) Old Frisian altgedient (German) veteran Altgeige (German f.) viola, occasionally also tenor violin Altgelasianum (German n.) Old Gelasian Sacramentary (a book of Catholic liturgy, containing the priest's part in celebrating the Eucharist. It is the second oldest Roman Catholic liturgical book that has survived: only the Verona Sacramentary is older) alt genug (German) big enough Altgesell (German m.) foreman Altglas (German n.) waste glass, used glass Altglascontainer (German m.) bottle bank altgläubig (German) Roman Catholic (during the reformation), orthodox Altgläubige (German pl.) Old Believers Altgläubiger (German m.) assignor Altgold (German n.) antique gold, old gold altgold (German) old gold (colour) Altgriechisch (German n.) ancient Greek, classical Greek, Old Greek altgriechisch (German) ancient Greek, classical Greek Alt Habich (German n.) Habay-la-Vieille, Belgium althergebracht (German) time-honoured, established, traditional, traditionally altherkömmlich (German) traditionally, traditional, time-honoured Althochdeutsch (German n.) Old High German althochdeutsch (German) Old High German Althorn (German n.) an instrument of the saxhorn family, used exclusively in military music, often replacing the French horn. The equivalent in England is called the 'tenor horn' Alto horn Altibajos (Spanish m.pl.) unevenness (of the ground), undulations (in the ground), ups and downs (also figurative) altier (m.), altière (f.) (French) haughty altieramente (Italian) in a majestic style, haughtily, nobly Altillo (Spanish m.) attic, (sleeping) loft (in a house, etc.) Altimeter (English, German n.) device for measuring altitude Alti naturali (Italian m.pl.) natural altos, i.e. not castrati Altiplanicie (Spanish f.) high plateau, high plain Altiplano (Spanish m.) plateau el altiplano boliviano (Spanish: the Bolivian altiplano) Altirisch (German n.) Old Irish altirisch (German) Old Irish altiro (Spanish - Chile) right away, immediately Altísimo, el (Spanish m.) the Almighty altísimo (m.), altísima (f.) (Spanish) very high Altisländisch (German n.) Old Icelandic altisländisch (German) Old Icelandic altisonante (Spanish) pompous, grandiloquent, highfalutin, pretentious, bombastic altisono (Italian) sonorous altísono (Spanish) pompous Altissimo a technique utilized on woodwind instruments such as the saxophone and clarinet wherein the musician blows overtones that are generally above the normal range of the instrument Altissimo from which this extract has been taken altissimo (Italian) very high, highest see alt Altist an alto or counter-tenor singer Altist (m.), Altistin (f.) (German) alto, counter-tenor, contralto (female), alto singer (female) Altista (Italian f., Spanish f.) an alto or counter-tenor singer (Italian f., Spanish f.) a viola player Altiste (French) alto or counter-tenor singer (French m./f.) viola player Altistin (German f.) contralto Altitonans (Latin) also altisonant or altisonus, in sixteenth-century choral music (anthems, motets, etc.), the counter tenor part, that is the highest of the parts intended for the natural adult male voice. Any part higher would be for treble voice (Latin, thundering), a term applied to passages that are to be sung as loudly as possible Altitud (Spanish f.) height, altitude (position) Altivez (Spanish f.) arrogance, haughtiness altivo (m.), altiva (f.) (Spanish) arrogant, haughty, proud Altjahrabend (German m.) New Year's Eve Altjahrsabend (German m.) New Year's Eve Altjahrstag (German m.) New Year's Eve altjüngferlich (German) old-maidish Altkanzler (German m.) former chancellor Altkastilien (German n.) Old Castile Altkatholik (m.), Altkatholikin (f.), Altkatholiken (pl.) (German) Old Catholic altkatholisch (German) Old Catholic Altkatholische Kirche (German f.) Old Catholic Church Altkatholizismus (German m.) Old Catholicism Altkirchenslawisch (German n.) Old Slavonic Church altkirchlich (German) of the early church, pertaining to the early church, early church, old church Altklarinette (German f.) alto clarinet, clarinetto contralto (Italian m.), clarinette alto (French f.), clarinete alto (Spanish m.) (German f.) basset horn altklassisch (German) antique altklassisches Drama (German n.) classic drama altklav (Swedish) the alto clef Altkleider (German pl.) old clothes Altkleidersammelbehälter (German m.) clothing bank altklug (German) precocious, precociously Altlack (German m.) old paint Altlast (s.), Altlasten (pl.) (German f.) contaminated area (site), residual waste, abandoned hazardous site, hangover, brownfield site, legacy, dangerous waste (accumulated over the years) ältlich (German) elderly, oldish [corrected by Brian A. Jefferies] Altlutheraner (German pl.) Old Lutherans alt machen (German) to age Altmaterial (German n.) salvage, scrap Altmaterialverwertung (German f.) salvage Altmeister (German m.) ex-champion, past master, doyen Altmeistersammlung (German f.) collection of old masters Altmetall (German n.) scrap metal Altmitglied (German n.) old member (existing member) altmodisch (German) old-fashioned, in an old-fashioned way, out-of-date, dated, outdated, vintage, outmoded, frumpish, fogyish, old-fangled, obsolete, antiquated, unstylish (unfashionable), moss-grown (figurative) frumpy (stiff, correct), antediluvian (before the Flood) altmodische Person (German f.) stuffy person altmodischer (German) more old-fashioned altmodischer Kauz (German m.) old fogey, old fogy altmodischer Mensch (German m.) fuddy-duddy (colloquial) Altneubau (German m. - DDR) four-storied apartment buildings, constructed in the DDR over the period 1950-1965 Altniederdeutsch (German n.) Old Low German altnøgle (Danish) the alto clef Altnordisch (German n.) Old Norse altnordisch (German) Old Norse , Old Nordic Altnorwegisch (German n.) Old Norwegian altnorwegisch (German) Old Norwegian Alto (Spanish m.) height, hill Alto (m.), Alta (f.) (English, French, Spanish) from the Latin altus; plural of alto is alti) highest male voice, a male falsetto, also a woman's voice (although this is more commonly called contralto) or that of a child. The adult alto voice range lies approximately between G3 and D5 if the voice is that of a young girl, the higher voice is called 'treble' and the lower called 'alto'; if the voice is that of a woman, the higher voice is called soprano and the lower called alto or, more commonly, contralto Voice Definitions and Ranges (English, Italian m.) as applied to a musical instrument, usually the second highest member of a family, often pitched a fifth lower than the highest (French m., Spanish m.) viola (Spanish m.) height (of a building), high floor, stop (where something stops) alto, alta (Spanish f.) (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese) high (elevation, precision), tall (person), wide, deep, high-pitched (musical note, instrument), loud (voice, sound), lofty (music), loudly (Spanish), high up, loud-sounding (sound), high-ranking, high-level ¡alto! (Spanish) halt! Alto basso (Italian m.) a string drum, particularly a primitive instrument formerly in use in Northen Italy (including Venice) consisting of a wooden box of quadrangular form over which were stretched a few gut strings which the player struck with a stick held in his left hand while he played a three-holed pipe in his right hand (French m.) the viola Alto cargo (Spanish m.) high-ranking position, high-ranking official Alto Cl. abbreviation of 'alto clarinet' Alto clarinet clarinetto contralto (Italian m.), Altklarinette (German f.), clarinette alto (French f.), clarinete alto (Spanish m.) Alto clef also viola or counter-tenor clef, chiave di Do3 (Italian f.), chiave di contralto (Italian f.), Altschlüssel (German m.), Bratschenschlüssel (German m.), clef alto (French f.), clef d'ut (French f.), clé d'ut (French f.), clef d'ut troisième ligne, (French f.), clé d'ut troisième ligne, (French f.), clave de do (Spanish f.), clave de do en tercera (Spanish f.), clave de contralto (Spanish f.) a C clef, so called because the line marked, in this case the third line, is a C, (in this case middle C) Alto Clef ¡alto el fuego! (Spanish) cease fire! Alto Fl. abbreviation of 'alto flute' Alto flute transverse flutes that are larger and therefore have their lowest note below the lowest note of the standard orchestral flute which is middle C Rudall Carte & Co. / Alto Flute in B-flat Flute Misnomers Alto flute in Bb see flûte d'amour Alto horn the name used in the US for what in England is called the 'tenor horn'. In the US and in Germany, the term 'tenor horn' usually denotes the 'baritone horn' Altöl (German n.) used oil, waste oil altolocato (Italian) highly-placed Altöltank (German m.) waste oil tank Alto mando (Spanish m.) high-ranking officer Alto mandola see 'mandolin, mandoline' Alto nivel de contaminación (Spanish m.) high level of pollution Alto ophicleide a member of the ophicleide family, the alto is in E flat Alto Ophicleide, Brussels, Belgium, ca 1840 Altoparlante (Italian m., Spanish m. - especially Latin America) loudspeaker, altavoz (Spanish m.) Alto part contralto (Italian), Alt (German), haute contre (French) Altophone mellophone made by Henry Distin Alto primo (Italian) first or principal tenor Altorientalische Kirchen (German pl.) Old Oriental Churches Alto rilievo (Italian m.) or alto relievo, high relief, sculpture in which the figures project more than half their true proportion from the surface (for example, the Elgin marbles) Alto saxophone sassofono alto (Italian m.), Altsaxophon (German n.), saxophone alto (French m.), saxofóno alto (Spanish m.) the alto member of the family of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax, lying between soprano (which is higher) and tenor (which is lower) Alto Saxophone, by Adolphe Sax (1814-1894), Paris, France, ca 1848 Alto secondo (Itlaian) second tenor Alto sentido del deber (Spanish m.) strong sense of duty altostnordisch (German) Old East Norse Altostslawisch (German n.) Old East Slavic Alto trombone (English, Italian) trombone contralto (Italian), Alt Posaune (German), haut contre-trombone (French), trombone alto (French) a member of the trombone family, in F Alto Trombone, England, late nineteenth century alt' ottava (Italian) the same notes, an octave higher Alto-viola (Italian) the viola or, occasionally, the tenor violin the tuning of the tenor violin so named is in rising fifths, viz. C (second space of the bass clef), G, D and A Alto violin low 'violin' string pipes found on some German fairground organs Alto voice see 'alto (m.), alta (f.)' Altozano (Spanish m.) hillock, hill, upper part (of a building), atrium (of a church) Altpapier (German n.) waste paper, scrap paper Altpapiercontainer (German m.) (waste) paper bank Altpersisches Reich (German n.) Achaemenid Persian Empire, Achaemenid Empire altperuanisch (German) ancient Peruvian Altphilologe (m.), Altphilologin (f.) (German) ancient philologist, classicist, classical scholar Altphilologie (German f.) ancient philology Altphilologie studieren (German) to read classics, to study classics Altposaune (German f.) alto trombone Altpreußisch (German n.) Old Prussian altprotestantische Orthodoxie (German f.) Protestant Orthodoxy altprotestantische Schulphilosophie (German f.) Protestant Scholasticism altra (s.), altre (pl.), altro (s.), altri (pl.) (Italian) other, another, someone else, others altra volta (Italian) encore, play it again Altreifen (German pl.) old tyres altrenommiert (German) long-standing Alt-Rolle (German f.) alto part altrömisch (German) ancient Roman Altro stromento (s.), Altri stromenti (pl.) (Italian m.) another instrument (s.), other instruments (pl.) Altrui (Italian m.) other people's belongings altrui (Italian) other people's Altruismo (Italian, Spanish m.) altruism Altruismus (German m.) altruism Altruist (m.), Altruistin (f.) (German) altruist Altruista (Italian m./f., Spanish m./f.) altruist altruista (Spanish) altruistic altruistisch (German) altruistic, altruistically Altsachsen (German pl.) Early Saxons Altsächsisch (German n.) Old Saxon Altsänger (m.), Altsängerin (f.) (German) counter-tenor voice (or part), alto voice (or part), contralto voice (or part) Altsaxofon (German n.) alto saxophone, sassofono alto (Italian m.), Altsaxophon (German n.), saxophone alto (French m.), saxofóno alto (Spanish m.) alt-saxofoon (Dutch) alto saxophone, sassofono alto (Italian m.), Altsaxophon (German n.), saxophone alto (French m.), saxofóno alto (Spanish m.) Altsaxophon (German n.) alto saxophone, sassofono alto (Italian m.), saxophone alto (French m.), saxofóno alto (Spanish m.) Altschlüssel (German m.) alto clef, viola clef, counter-tenor clef, chiave di Do3 (Italian f.), chiave di contralto (Italian f.), Bratschenschlüssel (German m.), clef alto (French f.), clef d'ut (French f.), clé d'ut (French f.), clef d'ut troisième ligne, (French f.), clé d'ut troisième ligne, (French f.), clave de do (Spanish f.), clave de do en tercera (Spanish f.), clave de contralto (Spanish f.) Altschwedisch (German n.) Old Swedish altschwedisch (German) Old Swedish altsemitisch (German) old Semitic alt sleutel (Dutch) the alto clef altspanische Liturgie (German f.) Mozarabic Liturgy altsprachlich (German) classical Altstadt (German f.) old town, historic city, historic district Altstadtfest (German n.) old town festival Altstadtkern (German m.) old town centre Altstadtplatz (German m.) historic town square Altstadtteil (German m.) old town quarter Altstar (German m.) veteran star Altsteinzeit (German f.) Palaeolithic Age, Old Stone Age altsteinzeitlich (German) palaeolithic Altstimme (German f.) alto voice (or part), contralto voice (or part) Alt-Stimme (German f.) alto voice (or part), contralto voice (or part) Altstoffsammlung (German f.) waste (material) collection Altstraße (German f.) ancient road Altstück (German n.) relique of older times, antique ALT-Taste (German f.) Alt (alternate) key (on a computer keyboard) alttestamentarisch (German) of the Old Testament, pertaining to the Old Testament Alttestamentler (m.), Alttestamentlerin (f.) (German) Old Testament scholar, Old Testament professor, Old Testament biblical scholar alttestamentlich (German) of the Old Testament, pertaining to the Old Testament, Old Testament alt und krank (German) aged and infirm Altura (Spanish f., Portuguese f.) pitch (the frequency of a note), height (person, building, vertical position), loftiness, nobleness, heaven (religious sense), depth (of water), sky (figurative), altitude, position (horizontal position) alturado (m.), alturada (f.) (Spanish - Peru) calm Altus (Latin, literally 'high') in early vocal music, an abbreviated name for the contratenor altus (Latin: high (part) against the tenor), the voice immediately above the tenor, which, in French, became known as the haute-contre (high tenor or alto) altväterisch (German) old-fashioned altväterlich (German) oldfashioned, old-fashioned altvertraut (German) old familiar Altviole (German) viola, occasionally tenor violin altviool (Dutch) viola Altvordere (German pl., archaic) ancestors Altvordern (German pl.) ancestors Altwaren (German pl.) second-hand goods, junk (goods) Altwarenhändler (German m.) second-hand dealer, junk dealer Altwasser (German n.) oxbow lake Altwassersee (German m.) oxbow lake Altweibergeschwätz (German n.) old wives' tale Altweiberknoten (German m.) granny knot Altweibermärchen (German n.) old-wives' tale Altweibersommer (German m.) Indian summer, gossamer Altweibersommer (German m.) Indian summer Altwerden (German m.) aging alt werden (German) to grow old, to be getting old, to wax old, to age, to be getting on (grow old) alt werdend (German) growing old, antiquing altwestnordisch (German) Old West Norse Altzeichen (German n.) the alto clef Alu (German n.) abbreviation for Aluminium (German n.: aluminium) Alubia (Spanish f.) French bean, (haricot) bean, bean Alucinación (Spanish f.) hallucination Alucinado (m.), Alucinada (f.) (Spanish) eccentric, visionary alucinado (m.), alucinada (f.) (Spanish) stunned alucinante (Spanish) hallucinatory (medical), amazing (colloquial), mind-boggling (colloquial), brilliant (argot), mindblowing (argot) alucinar (Spanish) to hallucinate, to fscinate (figurative), to be amazed (argot), to be spaced out (argot) Alucinógeno (Spanish m.) hallucinogen alucinógeno (m.), alucinógena (f.) (Spanish) hallucinogenic Al-Ud seeud Alud (Spanish m.) avalanche (snow), landslide, landslip Aludido (m.), Aludida (f.) (Spanish) the person in question aludido (m.), aludida (f.) (Spanish) in question aludir (Spanish) to mention, to allude, to refer aludir a ... (Spanish) to allude to ..., to refer to ..., to mention ... Aludose (German f.) aluminium can a luego pagar (Spanish) for cash, cash Alufolie (German f.) abbreviation for Aluminiumfolie (German f.: kitchenfoil, kitchen foil, cooking foil, aluminium foil) a lugar alguno (Spanish) noplace, nowhere Aluguss (German m.) die-cast aluminium alukaschiert (German) (aluminium) foil-laminated alum. abbreviation of 'alumna', 'alumnae', 'alumnus' or 'alumni' Alumaru a flute of the Iteso people from Uganda Alumbrado (s.), Alumbrados (pl.) (Spanish m.) Illuminato (s.), Illuminati (pl.) (Spanish m.) perfectionist, lighting alumbrado (m.), alumbrada (f.) (Spanish) illuminated, lit, tipsy (familiar) Alumbrado público (Spanish m.) street lighting alumbra este rincón (Spanish) shine the light in this corner Alumbramiento (Spanish m.) lighting, childbirth alumbrar (Spanish) to light, to be bright, to give off light, to give birth alumbrarse (Spanish) to get tipsy a lumbre de pajas (Spanish) very quickly, in the twinkling of an eye Alumette (French) in cooking, matchstick shape (cut into thin square cross-section strips) Aluminio (Spanish m.) aluminium Aluminiumausführung (German f.) aluminium design Aluminiumdraht (German m.) aluminium wire Aluminiumdruckguss (German m.) diecast aluminium Aluminiumfelge (German f.) aluminium wheel Aluminiumfolie (German f.) tinfoil (popular misnomer), aluminium foil Aluminiumguss (German m.) aluminium casting aluminiumhaltig (German) containing aluminium Aluminiumrohr (German n.) aluminium tube Aluminiumspritzguss (German m.) die-cast aluminium Aluminosilikat (German n.) aluminosilicate Alumnado (Spanish m.) (college) students, pupils, (university) students Alumnat (German n.) boarding school, seminary Alumne (German m.) seminarian Alumno (m.), Alumna (f.) (Spanish) pupil, (university) student Alumno aventajado (m.), Alumna aventajada (f.) (Spanish) promising student Alumno egresado (m.), Alumna egresada (f.) (Spanish) graduate Alumno interno (m.), Alumna interna (f.) (Spanish) boarder (student who boards) Alumosilikat (German n.) aluminosilicate Alumnus (German m.) alumnus Alumnus (s.), Alumni (pl.) (Latin, 'nursling') former pupil or student à l'unanimité (French) unanimously al unísono (Spanish) in unison à l'unisson (French) in unison Alunizaje (Spanish m.) landing on the moon, moon landing alunizar (Spanish) to land on the moon Alunno (m.), Alunna (f.) (Italian) pupil (student) Alunno interno (Italian m.) boarding pupil at a school, boarder à l'usage de (French) for Alusión (Spanish f.) allusion, mention, reference Alusión a (Spanish f.) allusion to, mention of, reference to alusivo (Spanish) allusive al uso (Spanish) in fashion, in the style of Alustahlseil (German n.) aluminium steel-reinforced cable alusta (Finnish) da capo, return to the beginning and end at the point marked by the word fine Da Capo Aluvión (Spanish m.) downpour, barrage (of calls) a luz de candela (Spanish) by candlelight Alveolar (German m.) alveolar consonant alveolar (English, German) supradental this adjective refers to any sound made by the tongue's approaching the gum ridge. Examples include the sounds /n/, /l/, /z/ and /s/ Alveolar- (German) alveolar (prefix) Alveolardruck (German m.) alveolar pressure Alveolarknochen (German m.) jaw bone, alveolar bone Alveopalatal this adjective refers to any sound made by the tongue's approaching the gum ridge and the hard palate. Examples include the consonant sounds found in the beginning of the words Jill, Chill, and shall and the beginning and ending sounds of the word rouge Alverja (Spanish f. - Latin America) vetch, pea Alverjilla (Spanish f. - Latin America) sweet pea Always sempre (Italian), immer (German), toujours (French) Alza (Spanish f.) rise, increase, lift, increment, rising, upswing, ascent, hike, run-up, runup, rear sight (on a gun) alza in Spanish is a feminine noun taking masculine article in the singular Alza brusca (Spanish f.) sharp rise Alzacristales (Spanish m.) electric window mechanism, electric windows Alza de los precios (Spanish f.) rise in prices Alzacuello (Spanish m.) collar, choker, collar band, raised collar, clerical collar, dog-collar (familiar) Alzacuello de los clérigos (Spanish m.) clerical collar, dog-collar (familiar) Alzada (Spanish f.) height (horse), appeal (law courts), uprising, elevation view, front view Alzada de peso muerto (Spanish f.) deadlift (weight-lifting) Alzada en corte (Spanish f.) sectional elevation (plan, drawing) Alzada en tiempo (Spanish f.) snatch (weight-lifting) Alza de alquiler (Spanish f.) rise in rent Alza de talón (Spanish f.) heel lift Alza de valor (Spanish f.) gain in value, increased value Alzado (Spanish m.) upright projection, elevation, front view, absconder, fraudulent bankrupt alzado (m.), alzada (f.) (Spanish) raised, lifted, fixed (price), fraudulently bankrupt (person), vicious, savage, vain (Mexico), arrogant la servidumbre anda medio alzada (Spanish: the servants have been rather uppity lately (colloquial)) Alzado de planos (Spanish m.) surveying, survey Alzado frontal (Spanish m.) front elevation (plan, drawing, building) Alzador (m.), Alzadora (f.) (Spanish) gatherer Alzador de pliegos (Spanish) gatherer alzar la voce (Italian) to raise her voice, to raise his voice, to raise one's voice alza le braccia al cielo (Italian) throws her hands up to the heavens alzamento (Italian) raising or lifting, for example alzamento di mano, raising of the hand alzamento di mano (Italian) raising of the hand, up-beat in conducting Alzamiento (Spanish m.) raising, lifting, raise, increase, uprising, rebellion, agitation, insubordination, upheaval, revolt (politics), fraudulent bankruptcy Alza moderada (Spanish f.) moderate rise Alza muy rápida (Spanish f.) spurt alzando (Italian) rising, erhebend (German), en élevant, (French) alzando di scatto (Italian) leaping up alzandosi (Italian) gets up, raising himself, rising alzandosi con grande letizia (Italian) jumping up happily alzandosi un poco (Italian) sitting up a little alzando un po' la voce (Italian) raising the voice a little Alzapaño (Spanish m.) curtain holder Alzaprima (Spanish f.) crowbar, lever alzaprimar (Spanish) to lever up Alzapua a flamenco playing technique which uses the right hand. The thumb is used to play down-and-up strokes across one or a group of strings in combination with apoyando single notes. The technique may imitate the technique used when playing the medieval Arabic ud which was played with a wooden plectrum alzar (Spanish) to raise, to lift (up), to raise (prices) Alza rápida (Spanish f.) sudden increase, boom alzar bandera (Spanish) to revolt alzar cabeza (Spanish) to succeed, to be on the mend alzar con el gato (Spanish) to jack up (car, van, etc.) alzar con la gata (Spanish) to jack up (car, van, etc.) alzar con un cabrestante (Spanish) to lift with a windlass, to hoist, to lift with a hoist, to lift with a winch, to winch Alzare (Italian, mentioned in John Florio's Queen Anna's New World of Words (1611)) to advance, to raise, to hoise, to heave, to rere, to elevate, or lift up alzar el cerco (Spanish) to raise the siege alzar el codo (Spanish) to drink to excess, to drink excessively alzar el dedo (Spanish) to raise an objection alzare le spalle (Italian) to shrug one's shoulders alzar el precio a (Spanish) to raise the price of alzar el telón (Spanish) to raise the curtain alzar el tiempo (Spanish) to clear alzar el vuelo (Spanish) to take flight, to fly away, to get off the ground, to take wing alzar la ceja (Spanish) to raise an eyebrow alzar la cresta (Spanish) to put one's nose in the air, to put on airs alzar la mano (Spanish) to raise one's hand, to lift one's hand alzar la mano a (Spanish) to raise one's hand to, to threaten alzar la mesa (Spanish) to clear the table alzar la vista (Spanish) to look up, to raise one's eyes, to raise the eyes alzar la voz (Spanish) to raise one's voice, to cry out, to lift one's voice alzar muy alto (Spanish) to raise up and aloft, to heave, to upheave alzarse (Spanish) to rise, to rebel, to get up, to stand up, to revolt (politics), to go fraudulently bankrupt, to appeal (law courts) alzarse como campeón (Spanish) to become the champion alzarse con (Spanish) to make off with, to make away with alzarse con el santo y la limosna (Spanish) to clear off with everything alzarse con gran fuerza (Spanish) to rise upward with great force, to upheave alzarse con la victoria (Spanish) to win, to be victorious alzarse en armas (Spanish) to take up arms alzarse líder (Spanish) to become a leader alzarse sobre (Spanish) to rise above alzarse triunfador (Spanish) to become a champion alzarse vencedor (Spanish) to become a champion alzarsi (Italian) to rise, to stand up alzar sobre el pavés (Spanish) to exalt, to praise alzar velas (Spanish) to set sail, to hoist sails, to make sail alzar vuelo (Spanish) to take flight, to take wing Alza salarial (Spanish f.) wage rise Alza súbita (Spanish f.) surge, pinch Alzata (Italian f.) raising, lifting Alzate sordini (Italian) lift or raise the mutes (i.e., remove mutes) alzati, alzate (Italian pl.) remove (for example, mutes in instrumental playing) alzato, alzata (Italian s.) raised, lifted off, taken off Alzerl (German n. - Austria) tiny bit Alzheimer (German m.) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimerkrankheit (German f.) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer-Krankheit (German f.) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimersche Krankheit (German f.) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimersymptome (German pl.) Alzheimer's symptoms alzó al niño para que viera el desfile (Spanish) she lifted the little boy up so he could see the parade alzó la mirada (Spanish) she looked up